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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


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nnecti cut    (Indian  QUsociatien. 


1881-1888. 


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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


Connecticut  Indian  Association 


1881    TO    1888. 


AUGUST,   1888. 


HARTFORD : 

PRESS  OF  THE  FOWLER  &  MILLER  COMPANY,  341   MAIN  STREET. 
1*888. 


"  The  corner-stone  of  our  Indian  policy  should  be  the  recognition  by  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  by  the  people,  that  we  owe  the  Indian,  not  endowments  and  lands  only, 
but  also  forbearance,  patience,  care,  and  instruction.  Savage  as  he  is  by  no  fault  of 
his  own,  and  stripped  at  once  of  savage  independence  and  savage  competence  by  our 
act,  for  our  advantage,  we  have  made  ourselves  responsible  before  God  and  the  world 
for  his  rescue  from  destruction,  and  his  elevation  to  social  and  industrial  manhood,  at 
whatever  expense  and  whatever  inconvenience." 

FRANCIS  A.  WALKER, 
Late   U.  S.    Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 


Stack 
Annan 

ff'l 

111- 


The  Connecticut  Indian  Association. 


(INCORPORATED  1887.) 


THIS  ASSOCIATION  AIMS: 

First — To  INFLUENCE  THE  PEOPLE, 

By  circulating,  as  widely  as  possible,  knowledge  concerning  the 
political,  financial,  industrial,  educational,  and  religious  status 
of  Indians. 

Second,— To  INFLUENCE  GOVERNMENT: 

«,  To    execute  all  laws  and  fulfil  all  treaties  and  compacts  which 
will  speed   Indian  civilization,  industrial  training,  self-support, 
education,  and  citizenship;  and  to  repeal  all  statutes  and  rules 
which  hinder  these  objects  ; 
b,  To  grant  new  and  better  legislation  for  securing  the  above  ends. 

Third,—  To  AID  INDIANS, 

In  civilization,  industrial  training,  self-support,  education,  citizen- 
ship, and  Christianization. 


Mrs.  SARA  T.  KINNEY, 


President. 


Vice  Presidents. 


4  Winthrop  Street,  Hartford. 


Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,     Hartford. 
Mrs.  George  Williamson  Smith,  Hartford. 
Miss  Katherine  Hunt,    -         -    Guilford. 
Miss  Sarah  W.  Adam,    -         -     Canaan. 
Mrs.  Homer  Curtiss,  Sr.,         -    Meriden. 
Miss  Sarah  Porter,                  Farmington. 
Mrs.  Edward  Sterling,    -         Bridgeport. 
Mrs.  J.  N.  Harris,           -    New  London. 
Miss  Katherine  L.  Peck,          Waterhury. 
Mrs.  John  H.  Whittemore,     Naugatuck. 

Mrs.  G.  B   Stevens,     -         New  Haven. 
MJSS  ElizabethVV  Davenport.  NewHaven. 
Mrs.  Gardiner  Greene,    -            Norwich. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  S   Tweedy,    -     Danbury. 
Mrs.  P.  C.  Lounsbury,           -  Kidgefidd. 
Mrs.  Caroline  Washburn.        East  River. 
Mrs   C.  D.  Talcott,                Talcottville. 
Mrs.  Frederick  Gardiner,      Middletown. 
Mrs.  Charles  Mitchell,  -       New  Britain. 
Mrs.  Allan  McLane,                  Litchfield. 

'UK    CoNNKCTICrT    INDIAN     ASSOCIATION. 


Mrs.  CHARLES  V.   JOHNSON, 


Mrs.  MATILDA  A.  BULL, 


General  Secretary. 


Treasurer 


Executive   Committee 
Mrs.  Seth  Talcott, 
Mrs.  George  Williamson  Smith, 
Mrs.  M.  I).  Thompson,    - 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Wm.  II.  Post, 
Mrs.  James  G.  Batterson, 
Mrs.  Theodore  Lyman,    - 
Mrs.  Newman  Smythe,     - 
Mrs.  Henry  Rogers, 
Mrs.  Wm.  V.  Blake, 
Mrs.  Charles  Fabrique,    - 
Mrs.  Ophelia  Camp, 
Mrs.  F.  E.  Hinman, 
Mrs.  Henry  K.  Coit, 


69   Vernon  Street,  Hartford. 
95  Elm  Street,  Hartford. 

863  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford, 

115  Vernon  Street,  Hartford. 

137  High  Street,  Hartford. 

1054  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

61  Woodland  Street,  Hartford. 

-     i  Vine  Street,  Hartford. 

ii  Myrtle  Street,  Hartford. 

328  Temple  Street,  New  Haven. 

75  Broadway,  New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

1 1 1  Martin  Street,  New  Haven. 

-     Canaan. 

Meriden. 

Litchfield. 


Committee  on  Pioneti 
Mrs.  Wm.  Fitch,     - 
Miss  Clara  E.  Collins,      - 
Mrs.  Justin  E.  Twitchell, 
Mrs.  Wm.  G.  Abbott, 
Mrs.  Charles  B.  Smith.    - 
Mrs.  George  F.  Stone, 
Mrs.  C.  D.  Talcott, 
Miss  Mary  F.  Miner, 


Mission  Work. 

185  Church  Street,  New  Haven. 

-     35  Hillhouse  Avenue,  New  Haven. 

56  Howe  Street,  New  Haven. 

314  Collins  Street,  Hartford. 

42  Forest  Street,  Hartford. 

991  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Talcottville. 

New  London. 


Committee  on  Indian  Hi. 
Mrs.  S.  T.  Kinney, 
Mrs.  John  \V.  Cooke, 
Mrs.  Siorrs  O.  Seymour, 
Miss  Susan  Clarke, 
Miss  Mary  P.  Ouincy, 
Mrs.  J.  I,   Totnlinson, 


Commit U 


Mrs   C.  C.  Stearns, 
Mrs.  Henry  Ferguson, 
Miss  Harriet  C.  Leete, 
Miss  Susan  Weeden, 


BuMing. 

4  Wmthrop  Street,  Hartford. 
218  Main  Street,  Hartford. 
120  Sigourney  Street,  Hartford. 
799  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 
\1  Hillhouse  Avenue,  New  Haven. 
Simsbury. 
Indian  Education 

126  Garden  Street,  Hartford. 

123  Vernon  Street,  Hartford. 

-   Guilford. 

-9  College  Street,  New  Haven 


THK    CONNKCTICI'T    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Committee  on  Lea/lets 

Miss  M.  E.  Ives,     -  -     New  Haven. 

Miss  Mary  K.  Talcott,     ...  -           203  Sigourney  Street,  Hartford. 

Miss  Martha  Russell,  -  Guilford. 

Committee  on  Petitions. 

Miss  Rose  Munger,  -     124  Wall  Street,  New  Haven. 

Mrs.  Eunice  W.  Perkins,          .  Meriden. 

Miss  Mary  Hall,      -         -  333  Main  Street,  Hanford. 

Committee  on  Distribution  of  Literature. 

Mrs.  H.  A.  Whitman,                         .  79  Ann  Street,  Hartford. 

Mrs.  Edward  Jenkins,      -  New  Haven. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Catlin,  Meriden. 

Mrs.  Mary  Worcester  Bill,  285  State  Street,  Bridgeport. 

Mrs    Howard  E.  Gates,  -  Lilchfield. 

Committee  on  the  Press. 

Miss  Katherine  Burbank,  714  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Mrs.  James  McManus,     -  13  Pratt  Street,  Hartford. 

Miss  Helen  H.  Morris,    -  230  Prospect  Street,  New  Haven. 

Miss  Mary  Wood,   -  Meriden. 

Provisional  Committee  on  Practical  Farming. 

Mrs.  George  Woodruff,  Litchfield. 

Mrs.  S.  A.  Galpin,  87  Wall  Street,  New  Haven. 

Miss  Katherine  E.  Hunt,  -         -         -    Guilford. 

Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Pelton,      -  792  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Advisory  Committee. 

Hon.  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  Hartford. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  Williams,  Bishop  of  Connecticut,  Middletown. 

Hon.  Francis  Wayland,  -     New  Haven. 

Hon.  Henry  B.  Harrison,         -  -     New  Haven. 

Mr.  S.  A.  Galpin,    -  -     New  Haven. 

Mr.  Moses  Pierce,  -  Norwich. 

Rev.  Joseph  Anderson,  D    D  ,  Waterbury. 

Hon.  James  L.  Howard,  Hartford. 

Rev.  George  Williamson  Smith,  S.  T.  I).,  Hartford. 

Gen.  William  B.  Franklin,  Hartford. 

Col.  Jacob  L.  Greene,  Hartf..rd. 

Hon.  J.  Hammond  Trumbull,       ^  Hanford. 

Rev.  Joseph  H.  Twichell.  Hartford. 

Col.  Charles  M.  Joslyn,    -  Hartford. 

Mr.  James  P.  Andrews,    -  Hartford. 


THE    CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Auditor. 
Mr.  CHARLES  T.  WELLES, -  Hartford. 


CANAAN  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,  Miss  Sarah  W.  Adam,     -  -     Canaan. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer,    Mrs.  Ophelia  Camp,         ...  -     Canaan. 


GUILFORD  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,    Miss  Katharine  E.  Hunt,  -  Guilford. 

Vice- President,    Mrs.  H.  E.  Fowler,  -  Guilford. 

Secretary,    Miss  Harriet  E.  Clark,  -  Guilford. 

Treasurer,  Miss  Mary  H.  Shepard, Guilford. 


HARTFORD  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,  Mrs.   George  Williamson  Smith,  115  Vernon  Street,  Hartford. 

First  Vice- President,  Mrs.  H.  A.  Whitman,  79  Ann  Street,  Hartford. 

Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  B.  Bull,  95  Elm  Street,  Hartford. 

Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Annie  Elliot  Trumbul I,  734  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Seth  Talcott,  863  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 


HARTFORD  SEMINARY  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,    Miss  Annie  L.  Barnes,  ....      Sonthington. 

Vice- President,  Miss  Elizabeth  Smith,  30  Niles  Street,  Hartford. 

Treasurer,    Miss  Bessie  Francis,  ...        Newington. 

Recording  Secretary,    Miss  Hattie   Butler,  Niles  Street,  Hartford. 

Corresponding  Secretary,    Miss  Clara  A.  Spaulding.  -      New  Britain. 


"LEND  A  HAND"  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,  Miss  Caroline  C.  Sweet,  690  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Secretary,    Miss  Jane  B.  Kellogg,  *     690  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Treasurer,    Miss  Clara  M.  Gray,      -  690  A*ylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 

Chairman  Executive  Committee,  Miss  Floia  L.  Noyes,  690  Asylum  Avenue,  Hartford. 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


LITCHFIELD  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,   Mrs   Allan  McLane,       -  Litchfield. 

First  Vice- President,    Mrs.  Origen  S.  Seymour,  Litchfield. 

Recording  Secretary,    Miss  Mary  McNiel,         -  -  Litchfield. 

Corresponding  Secretary,   Mrs.  George  M.  Woodruff,        -         -  Litchfield. 

Treasurer,    Mrs.  Harry  Wessells,  Litchfield. 


MERIDEN  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,    Mrs.  Homer  Curtiss,  Sr.,         -         .  48  Cook  Avenue,  Meriden. 

Secretary,   Mrs.  William  Catlin,  .                   •   Meriden. 

Treasurer,   Miss  Alice  Porter,  Meriden. 

Chairman  Executive  Committee,   Mrs.  F.  E.  Hinman,  -         -                  -  Meriden. 


NEW  HAVEN  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,  Miss  Elizabeth  W.  Davenport,  52  Hillhouse  Avenue,  New  Haven. 

First  Vice- President,  Mrs.  W.  II.  Brewer,  246  Orange  Street,  New  Haven. 

Corresponding  Secretary,   Miss  Clara  E.  Collins,   35  Hillhouse  Avenue,  New  Haven. 
Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  S.  A.  Galpin,  87  Wall  Street,  New  Haven. 

Treasurer,  Miss  S.  H.  Whedon,  29  College  Street,  New  Haven. 


NORWICH  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,    Mrs.  Gardiner  Greene,  Norwich. 

First  Vice- President,    Mrs.  Lewellyn  Pratt,  Norwich. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  George  W.  Lane,    -  Norwich. 

Treasurer,   Miss  Ella  M.  Norton,  Norwich. 


WATERBURY  BRANCH  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,   Mrs.  F.  E   Castle.      -  •     Waterbury. 

First   Vice- President,   Mrs.'  C.  F.  Chapin,   -  Waterbury. 

Secretary,    Mrs.  Charles  L.  Stocking,  Waterbury. 

Treasurer,    Mrs.  Thomas  Donaldson,           -         -  -     Waterbury. 


THg    CONNKCTICl'T    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


WEST  HARTFORD  BRANCH  OK  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION 

President,    Mrs    Fred  Summer  Smith,     -  -    West  Hartford. 

Secretary,    Miss  Mary  W.  Hamilton,  -    West  Hartford. 

Treasurer,   Miss  Julia  A.  Butler,     -  .....    West  Hartford. 


WINSTED  BRANCH  OK  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

President,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Camp,  .         .         .   Winsted. 

First  Vice  President,  Mrs.  Harriet  Mil  lard,  .          -         .  Winsted. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  David  Strong,  Winsted. 

Treasurer,  Mrs.  John  Rippere,         -          -          -         -  .          .          .   Winsted • 


should  the  public  lend  it  the  support  it  requires  and  invites.  


HISTORICAL  SKETCH. 


The  first  attempt  to  establish  in  Connecticut  organized  work  for  the  In- 
dians was  made  in  the  autumn  of  1881,  through  the  direct  influence  of  the 
Women's  National  Indian  Association.  On  the  isth  of  November  of  that  year, 
a  meeting  was  called  by  Mrs.  A.  S.  Quinton,  the  national  secretary,  in  the  city 
of  Hartford,  in  order  to  organize  a  local  branch  of  the  general  association. 
At  this  meeting  representatives  were  present  from  the  various  city  churches, 
and  the  address  made  by  Mrs.  Quinton  sufficiently  enlightened  and  stimu- 
lated them  to  lead  to  the  formation  of  a  society  which  should  further,  within 
the  limits  of  the  State,  the  interests  of  what  was  then  known  as  the  "  Indian 
Treaty- Keeping  and  Protective  Union." 

But  while  this  meeting  marks  the  inauguration  of  work  for  the  Indian  in 
Connecticut,  yet  the  movement  had  undoubtedly  an  earlier  impulse,  given  it 
in  a  way  almost  accidental.  In  October,  1880,  five  ladies,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Kinney, 
Mrs.  Harriet  Foote  Hawley,  Mrs.  S.  S.  Cowan,  Miss  Louise  Ripley,  and  Mrs. 
M.  B.  Riddle  met  at  Mrs.  Cowan's  rooms  in  the  City  Hotel,  Hartford,  for  other 
purposes,  but  on  that  occasion  the  importance  of  work  for  and  among  the 
Indians  in  the  United  States  was  considered,  and  the  hope  expressed  that 
some  effort  in  that  direction  might  soon  be  undertaken  in  Connecticut. 
Without  formal  promise,  those  present  mutually  pledged  themselves,  in  no 
set  form  of  words,  yet  none  the  less  earnestly,  to  endeavor  to  awaken  gene- 
ral public  interest  in  Indian  matters,  and  to  further  the  speedy  organization  of 
definite  work  in  this  cause.  In  the  semi-consecration  of  that  day  was  formed 
the  germ  that  later  developed  into  active  life. 

The  society  organized  on  November  15,  1881,  elected  Mrs.  Sarah  S. 
Cowan  as  temporary  president,  and  Mrs.  M.  B.  Riddle  as  secretary. 

Its  work  for  the  first  period  of  existence  was  necessarily  preliminary,  and 
directed  by  the  conditions  of  public  feeling.  Like  many  other  movements  of 
a  national  character  and  importance,  the  beginnings  of  effort  in  behalf  of  the 
Indians  have  been  feeble,  and  opposed  by  obstacles  which  require  tiim-  and 
more  accurate  knowledge  of  the  merits  of  the  case  to  overcome.  Progress  in 
the  direction  of  righteous  legislative  action  by  the  United  States  government 
was  plainly  impossible,  until  the  public  of  the  country  and  of  the  state 
became  informed  of  the  true  grounds  upon  which  such  proposed  action 
should  be  based. 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


To  secure  for  the  new  organization  public  sympathy  and  support  was 
therefore  the  immediate  work  of  its  members,  and  their  efforts  were  for  a 
long  period  confined  to  making  public  the  fullest  possible  information  on 
Indian  affairs,  through  the  medium  of  the  press,  and  by  direct  personal  influ- 
ence. Another  mode  of  disseminating  such  knowledge  was  through  the  pur- 
chase and  distribution,  to  the  clergy  throughout  the  state,  of  the  reports  and 
other  publications  of  the  national  association,  the  membership  fees  of  the 
society  being  at  first  devoted  to,  that  purpose. 

In  1883  a  permanent  organization  of  the  society  was  effected,  and  a  new 
board  of  officers  elected.  Mrs.  J.  C.  Kinney  was  then  made  president,  and 
has  held  this  office  through  all  the  subsequent  history  of  the  association. 
The  other  officers  then  elected  were:  Mrs.  M.  B.  Riddle,  recording  secretary; 
Miss  M.  M.  Vermilye,  treasurer;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Cooke,  corresponding  secre- 
tary. 

The  work  accomplished  during  the  thirteen  months  from  date  of  organiza- 
tion, aside  from  the  dissemination  of  information  on  Indian  affairs,  included 
the  circulation  of  petitions  through  the  state,  whose  object,  in  substance,  was 
to  entreat  the  United  States  government  to  adhere  to  the  existing  treaties 
with  Indians.  The  clergy  of  Connecticut  were  mainly  instrumental  in  ob- 
taining signatures  to  these  petitions,  through  their  local  influence. 

Upon  the  reorganization  of  the  society  in  1883  its  name  also  underwent 
change,  and  became  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  its  existing  title. 
At  this  date  the  society  had  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  one,  re- 
ceiving as  sole  reliable  income  the  annual  fee  of  one  dollar  per  member. 

One  feature  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association's  work  has  been  the 
constant  attempt  to  mold  public  opinion  in  its  favor,  by  giving  circulation  to 
all  that  could  enlighten  and  convince  in  relation  to  its  work  and  its  claims. 
Therefore,  in  addition  to  the  influence  of  the  local  press,  and  to  the  national 
association  publications,  it  has  obtained  the  presence  at  its  annual  and 
special  meetings  of  men  and  women  prominent  in  Indian  work,  and  versed 
in  the  history  of  effort  in  behalf  of  that  people.  Mrs.  Quinton,  secretary  of 
the  national  association,  was  present  at  two  of  the  early  meetings  held  in 
Hartford,  and  the  first  annual  meeting,  on  Jan.  31,  1884,  was  addressed  by 
Mr.  Herbert  Welsh,  of  Philadelphia,  and  by  Mrs.  Emmeline  Turtle,  who  spoke 
in  behalf  of  the  Cherokee  and  Modoc  tribes.  At  this  meeting  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  society,  having  undergone  some  changes,  was  re-adopted. 

In  January',  1883,  a  general  circular  had  been  sent  out  through  Connec- 
ticut defining  the  objects  of  the  Indian  Association  as  being: 

i St.— The  adoption  by  the  government  of  a  policy  towards  the  Indians 
which,  founded  upon  principles  of  equity  and  justice,  should  gradually  bring 
them  under  the  protection  of  the  law  as  enjoyed  by  other  races  among  us. 

ad.— The  forwarding,  by  means  of  educational  and  mission  work  among 
the  Indians,  their  speedy  civilization,  Christianization,  and  enfranchisement. 


THE    CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


With  this  exposition  before  them,  the  people  of  Connecticut  were  asked 
to  aid  in  supporting  the  association.  At  this  early  period  of  its  history 
there  were  representatives  upon  the  society's  board  of  officers  from  New 
Haven,  New  London,  Norwich,  Meriden,  Bridgeport,  Farmington,  and 
Danbtiry,  although  the  organization  of  auxiliary  associations  in  these  towns 
did  not  at  once  take  place. 

The  second  report,  presented  at  the  annual  meeting  held  Jan.  14,  1885, 
showed  not  only  a  marked  advance  in  the  prosperity  of  the  society,  but  indi- 
cated some  change  of  character  in  the  work  which  had  hitherto  been  com- 
paratively preparatory.  A  contribution  of  $100  was  made  to  the  national 
association  for  the  benefit  of  a  school  to  be  established  among  the  Navajo 
Indians  of  New  Mexico,  and  through  the  efforts  of  the  association  a  petition, 
asking  that  representatives  in  Congress  be  instructed  to  favor  all  measures 
for  promoting  education  among  the  Indians,  was  endorsed  by  both  houses  of 
the  Legislature  and  was  forwarded  to  the  Connecticut  congressmen  at 
Washington. 

At  the  meeting  held  two  months  earlier,  the  president,  Mrs.  Kinney, 
had  laid  before  the  society  a  proposition,  which  has  since  developed  into 
one  of  the  most  valuable  and  important  departments  of  Indian  work. 
She  explained  that  the  great  drawback  to  the  continuance  of  civilized  habits 
of  life  among  the  graduates  of  training  schools  for  Indians,  lay  in  their  en- 
forced return  to  the  barbarous  life  of  their  tribes  on  the  reservation,  where, 
deprived  of  the  appliances  of  comfort  and  decency,  to  the  use  of  which  they 
had  become  accustomed  through  residence  among  a  civilized  people,  left  to 
themselves,  without  the  stimulus  of  example — their  own  people  being  often 
strongly  opposed  to  any  change  or  improvement  —  it  was  evident  that  many 
of  them  naturally  fell  back  into  their  former  ways.  To  aid  in  sustaining  and 
helping  such  young  people  in  their  efforts  to  lead  decent  or  civilized  lives 
was  proposed  by  its  president  to  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  whose 
subsequent  action  in  the  premises  was  the  first  step  in  the  accomplishment 
of  most  important  results.  By  the  advice  of  Miss  Alice  Fletcher,  Rev.  John 
Copley,  missionary  among  the  Indians,  and  General  Armstrong,  Mrs.  Kinney 
suggested  that  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  should  aid  Philip  Stabler, 
a  young  Omaha  Indian,  who,  with  his  wife  Minnie,  had  been  students  at 
Hampton  Institute,  in  building  upon  the  reservation  of  his  tribe  a  cottage 
for  his  own  occupancy,  which  should  be,  so  far  as  possible,  the  work  of  his 
own  hands,  but  for  which  the  necessary  money  should  be  loaned  by  the 
society,  to  be  repaid  in  instalments  at  reasonable  periods.  This  proposition 
was  adopted,  by  formal  vote  of  the  association,  November  13,  1884. 

At  a  public  meeting  held  Nov.  21,  1884,  General  Armstrong,  who  pre- 
sented the  claims  of  the  Hampton  School,  made  a  strong  and  earnest  plea 
in  support  of  the  proposed  home-building  plan.  Thus,  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing held  Jan.  14,  1885,  a  new  department  of  work  was  reported,  which  was 


THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


in  substance  the  establishing  among  the  Indians  of  small  centers  of  civili- 
zation which  should  be  the  property  of  the  individual,  not  through  charity, 
but  as  the  prize  of  his  own  self-respecting  industry.  In  thus  helping  the 
Indian  to  help  himself,  the  new  gospel  of  charity  was  preached.  In  the  case 
of  Philip  Stabler,  who  was  the  especial  charge  of  the  Connecticut  Indian 
Association,  the  sum  advanced  for  building  the  cottage  was  not  large,  as 
through  his  own  knowledge  of  the  industrial  arts,  gained  at  Hampton,  the 
work  of  construction  was  accomplished  almost  unaided.  It  was  estimated 
that  $500  would  cover  the  loan,  and  the  plans  for  a  cottage  prepared  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Tryon,  and  by  him.  presented  to  the  society,  were  adopted.  In  the 
following  June  a  further  advance  was  granted  to  Philip  Stabler  of  $62.50,  to 
enable  him  to  break  up  twenty-five  acres  of  his  allotted  land,  in  order  to 
make  it  productive  and  profitable  as  early  as  possible.  This  money  was 
sent  as  an  unconditional  gift.  The  entire  cost  of  cottage  and  ground  broken 
up  eventually  amounted  to  $429.99  — somewhat  less  than  the  first  estimate. 

A  special  effort  to  obtain  funds  for  the  purpose  was  made,  during  the 
winter  of  1885,  and  a  circular  in  which  the  above  facts  wera  related,  and 
contributions  for  this  especial  object  asked,  was  sent  throughout  the  state. 
Besides  the  cash  contributions  made  to  the  cottage  fund,  the  amount  was 
increased  by  the  proceeds  of  lectures  delivered  by  Rev.  Frederic  Gardiner,  of 
Dakota,  February  3d,  by  Miss  Rose  Elizabeth  Cleveland,  March  i8th,  and  by 
Mr.  Chauncey  Depew,  of  New  York,  May  isth.  A  fair  held  by  the  young 
ladies  of  the  Hartford  Seminary  branch  yielded  a  handsome  sum  to  the 
fund,  as  did  also  a  sale  of  baskets,  the  work  of  the  Maine  and  Alaska 
Indians.  In  March,  1886,  the  Connecticut  cottage  was  completed  and  oc- 
cupied. 

Donations  of  clothing  and  household  articles  have  from  time  to  time 
been  sent  the  Stablers  by  various  branch  societies,  and  these  wild  Indians 
of  ten  years  ago  are  to-day  leading  useful  Christian  lives  in  the  home 
made  possible  to  them  through  the  efforts  of  Connecticut  women. 
Minnie  is  a  neat,  orderly  housekeeper,  and  Philip,  according  to  the  Ban- 
croft, Neb.,  Journal,  is  a  man  of  "intelligence,  energy,  and  integrity,  who 
will,  in  a  few  years,  be  classed  among  our  solid  farmers." 

The  value  of  this  work  was  from  the  first  recognized  by  the  national 
association,  and  the  advisability  of  adopting  it  upon  a  national  basis  was 
brought  under  consideration  at  the  annual  meeting  held  in  Philadelphia  in 
November,  1885,  at  which  meeting  a  national  committee  on  Indian  home- 
building  was  appointed,  with  Mrs.  Kinney  of  Connecticut  as  its  chairman. 

During  the  year  1885  branch  societies  were  organized  at  Guilford,  New 
Haven,  and  in  Hartford  Young  Ladies'  Seminary.  A  subsidy  of  $100  was 
again  paid  to  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association. 

The  number  of  articles  published  in  the  press  of  the  state  during  1885, 
in  the  interest  of  Indian  work,  amounted  to  two  hundred  and  thirty -eight, 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  13 

and  the  membership  of  the  association  was  reported  at  two  hundred  and 
fifty. 

In  May,  1886,  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  adopted  still  another 
department  of  work,  which  is  fully  detailed  in  the  annual  report  for  that  year. 
The  proposition  made  to  the  society  by  Mrs.  Kinney  was  formally  accepted 
at  the  meeting  of  May  aist,  and  the  education  of  Susan  LaFlesche,  an 
Omaha  girl,  graduate  of  Hampton  Institute,  undertaken.  At  the  suggestion, 
and  with  the  approval,  of  those  among  her  teachers  and  friends  who  were 
confident  of  the  feasibility  of  preparing  her  to  become  a  physician  and 
teacher  among  her  own  people,  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  pledged 
itself  to  her  support  and  medical  education  for  a  period  of  three  years.  The 
Woman's  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  was  selected  by  the  association 
as  the  best  institution  for  Susan  LaFlesche's  education,  and  correspondence 
was  entered  into  with  the  secretary  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  college 
with  reference  to  her  becoming  a  beneficiary  pupil.  Through  Mrs.  Kinney's 
exertions  the  sum  of  $  167  was  obtained  from  the  government  through  the 
Honorable  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  to  defray,  in  part,  the  expenses  of 
Susan  LaFlesche's  medical  education  for  the  year  1886-7.  This  was  the  sum 
paid  by  the  government  at  that  time  for  the  education  of  Indian  pupils  at  the 
Hampton  and  Carlisle  Schools.  As  it  was  necessary  to  empower  some  rep- 
resentative of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  to  treat  with  the  govern- 
ment in  the  matter  of  making  application  for  the  desired  appropriation 
and  receipting  for  the  same,  formal  action  upon  the  subject  was  taken  at  the 
meeting  of  the  association  held  Oct.  9,  1886.  On  that  occasion  Mrs. 
Kinney,  president  of  the  society,  through  whom  the  formal  correspondence 
had  been  held,  was  regularly  appointed  to  represent  the  association  in  all 
dealings  with  the  United  States  government  in  relation  to  moneys  received 
for  the  education  of  Susan  LaFlesche.  Owing  to  the  absence  from  the  state 
of  the  treasurer,  Miss  Vermilye,  this  authorization  was  further  extended  by 
the  action  of  the  meeting  of  March  14,  1887,  whereby  Mrs.  Kinney  was  em- 
powered to  act  for  the  association  in  any  and  all  of  its  financial  relations, — 
signing  checks,  paying  out  and  receipting  for  money,  —  as  its  legal  and  re- 
sponsible agent. 

Mrs.  Seth  Talcott,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Indian  Association,  went  on  to  Philadelphia  in  the  autumn  of  1886  to 
enter  Susan  LaFlesche  at  the  Woman's  Medical  College,  to  establish  her  at 
a  suitable  boarding  place,  and  to  provide  her  with  what  was  necessary  for 
her  personal  use  and  comfort. 

The  report  for  1886,  presented  at  the  meeting  held  February  14,  iSS-, 
showed  a  year  of  unprecedented  activity.  In  addition  to  the  impor- 
tant work  undertaken  in  the  direction  of  home-building  and  Indian  education, 
a  new  field  had  been  opened  through  the  efforts  of  the  .recently  organ  i/ed 
New  Haven  branch.  The  first  movement  towards  the  formation  of  an  auxil- 


!4  THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 

iary  society  in  New  Haven  dated  from  November,  1885,  but  its  actual  organi- 
zation was  completed  in  January,  1886.  It  sprang  almost  full-grown  into  life, 
with  a  large  membership  and  much  zeal  and  energy.  The  special  local 
interest  inclining  the  members  of  this  branch  to  the  mission  work,  the  society 
reported  to  the  state  association,  at  its  meeting  of  September  10,  1886,  its 
purpose  of  sending  out  a  medical  missionary,  at  its  own  expense,  to  the 
Piegan  Indians  in  Montana.  The  detailed  account  of  the  further  develop- 
ment of  the  mission,  and  the  subsequent  change  of  field  of  operations,  will 
properly  be  related  in  the  report  of  the  standing  committee  on  pioneer  mis- 
sion work,  and  in  the  history  of  the  New  Haven  branch. 

.  A  contribution  was  also  made  during  this  year,  1886,  to  the  education  ot 
an  Apache  boy  at  the  Romona  school  at  Santa  Fe. 

The  number  of  articles  inserted  in  the  newspapers  of  the  state  during 
1886  amounted  to  131,  and  a  large  number  of  pamphlets  was  put  in  circula- 
tion, which  included  the  publications  of  the  Indian  Rights  Association,  of  the 
Women's  National  Indian  Association,  and  the  leaflets  prepared  by  the  New 
Haven  branch. 

Through  the  efforts  of  the  association  signatures  were  obtained  to 
petitions  for  the  passage  of  the  Dawes  "Allotment  of  Lands  in  Severalty  " 
bill,  of  the  "  Relief  of  the  Mission  Indians  in  California"  bill,  and  for  one 
against  the  "  Reduction  of  Appropriations  for  Government  Schools  at  Hamp- 
ton and  Carlisle,"  and  against  "  Reduction  in  Price  of  Sioux  Lands."  These 
petitions,  numerously  signed,  were  sent  to  Washington.  The  subsidy  granted 
to  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association  amounted  in  1886  to  $250.  The 
Connecticut  Indian  Association  is  now  represented  in  the  National  Council 
by  Mrs.  Kinney,  who  is  vice-president,  a  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee, and  chairman  of  the  national  committee  on  home-building,  and  by 
Mrs.  Bull,  who  is  a  member  of  the  national  committee  on  finance. 
The  conference  at  Mohonk  has  been  yearly  attended  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  association,  and  delegates  have  been  appointed  to  represent  it  in 
the  annual  meetings  of  the  national  association. 

During  the  year  1886  the  association  lost  one  of  its  earliest  and  firmest 
friends,  one  of  the  five  in  whom  the  hope  for,  and  belief  in,  properly  consti- 
tuted work  for  the  Indians  originated.  Mrs.  Harriet  Foote  Hawley's  influ- 
ence and  interest  in  such  work  had  recently  been  transferred  to  Washington, 
where,  as  president  of  the  local  Indian  association,  she  had  been  most 
useful,  and  where  her  death  was  most  deeply  regretted. 

Miss  Pynchon,  another  member  of  the  association,  one  of  its  first  vice- 
presidents,  died  in  December  of  this  year.  Although  of  late  unable  to  lend 
it  active  assistance,  she  had  continued  still  her  earnest  interest  in  the  local 
work. 

The  close  of  the  year  found  the  association  with  five  branch  societies : 
Bridgeport,  formed  in  1884;  Guilford,  organized  in  1885;  the  Hartford 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  15 

Female  Seminary,  dating  from  1885  ;  New  Haven,  organized  November-Jan- 
uary, 1886  ;  and  Canaan,  which  dated  from  October  of  the  same  year. 

Public  meetings  were  held  during  the  year  in  Hartford  and  other  towns, 
and  on  these  occasions  General  Armstrong,  Governor  Harrison,  President 
Gates  of  Rutgers  College,  Miss  Alice  Fletcher,  with  Captain  Tibbals  of 
Nebraska,  made  addresses.  A  lecture,  whose  proceeds  were  for  the  benefit 
of  the  association,  was  also  given  by  Mrs.  Joseph  Cook  of  Boston,  on  April 
13,  1886. 

With  the  increasing  prosperity  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association, 
and  the  opening  of  its  new  departments  of  activity,  the  inadequacy  of  its 
existing  organization  had  become  evident.  In  October,  1886,  a  motion  to 
incorporate  the  association  was  carried,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  extending  the  society's  facilities  for  work.  As  a  first 
step  in  its  reorganization,  an  application  for  a  charter  was  made  by  the  Con- 
necticut Indian  Association,  and  a  resolution  to  that  effect  was  introduced 
into  the  Assembly  by  Mr.  Hyde  of  Hartford,  in  February,  1887.  This  bill 
was  referred  to  the  committee  on  incorporations,  and  by  it  favorably  reported 
March  3d.  The  bill  passed  the  Assembly  March  nth  and  the  Senate  March 
i8th,  and  became  a  law  on  receiving  the  governor's  approval  March  24th, 
1887.  Under  the  act  the  following  twenty-six  persons  constituted  the  body 
corporate  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association: 

Sara  T.  Kinney,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  Sarah  A.  Talcott,  Helen  M. 
Post,  Sarah  S.  Cowan,  Anna  W.  Riddle,  M.  Louise  Ripley,  Hartford;  Eliza- 
beth W.  Davenport,  Clara  E.  Collins,  Mrs.  James  D.  Dana,  Mrs.  Worthing- 
ton  Hooker,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Brewer,  New  Haven;  Katherine  E.  Hunt,  Martha 
Russell,  Guilford;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Harris,  New  London  ;  Sarah  W.  Adam,  Mrs. 
Ophelia  Camp,  Canaan;  Elizabeth  S.  Tweedy,  Jennie  B.  Tweedy,  Danbury; 
Lizzie  M.  Davenport,  Mary  Worcester  Bill,  Rebecca  A.  Sterling,  Bridgeport; 
Mrs.  Homer  Curtiss,  Sr,.  Mrs.  Eunice  Perkins,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Stowe,  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Catlin,  Meriden. 

The  objects  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  as  stated  in  its  act  of 
incorporation,  were : 

"  To  protect  the  rights  and  promote  the  education  and  civilization  of  the 
Indians  in  this  country,  with  the  view  to  their  ultimate  admission  into  full 
citizenship." 

By  authority  given  in  the  act,  the  incorporators  were  empowered  to  hold 
and  convey  property  for  the  benefit  of  the  association,  and  all  previous  acts 
of  the  society  before  incorporation  were  declared  valid.  Upon  the  re- 
organization of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  the  propriety  of  separa- 
ting the  interests  of  the  general  from  the  local  Hartford  society  became 
evident,  and  at  a  meeting  held  April  25,  1887,  an  auxiliary  was  organized  in 
this  city,  known  as  the  Hartford  branch,  holding  to  the  state  association  the 
same  relations  as  those  borne  by  the  other  branches. 


l6  THK   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


A  meeting  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association 
was  held  in  June,  1887,  for  the  purpose  of  re-adopting  the  constitution  and 
electing  a  board  of  officers  to  hold  until  the  regular  annual  meeting  in  Jan- 
uary, 1888.  The  board  then  chosen,  and  subsequently  adopted  by  the  society, 
was  the  same  as  that  at  present  in  office,  with  one  or  two  changes.  The  con- 
stitution of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  with  the  amendments  of 
January,  1882,  January,  1884,  and  February,  1887,  underwent  careful  recon- 
sideration and  revision  at  the  hands  of  the  committee  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose. In  this  revised  form  it  has  been  found  thoroughly  adapted  to  the 
society's  greater  present  and  possible  future  usefulness,  embracing  various  de- 
partments of  work  for  the  Indians,  and  sufficiently  pliable  to  admit  of  still 
greater  expansion.  By  its  provisions  the  board  of  officers  and  standing  com- 
mittees contain  representatives  from  each  auxiliary  society,  whose  officers 
are,  ex  officio,  members  of  the  central  association,  and  entitled  to  vote  at 
its  general  meetings.  The  state  association  is,  therefore,  actually  only  the 
executive  department  of  the  combined  auxiliaries,  having  no  annual  mem- 
bers, and  sustaining  to  the  national  association  the  relation  held  by  its 
branches  to  itself.  As  the  head,  therefore,  of  the  body,  it  makes  no  special 
effort  to  raise  or  collect  funds  to  supply  its  treasury,  depending  upon  the 
subsidies  of  its  branches,  who  are,  in  fact,  the  sources  of  supply,  which 
enable  it  to  support  its  active  work.  This  theory  of  inter-dependence  in  the 
relation  of  the  central  society  and  auxiliaries  has  proved  the  most  effective 
working  organization  which  experiment  has  produced. 

The  active  work  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  is  divided  into 
committees  :  on  Pioneer  Mission  Work,  on  Indian  Education,  on  Home 
Building,  on  the  Press,  on  Distribution  of  Literature,  on  Leaflets,  on  Petitions, 
on  Practical  Farming,  and  an  Advisory  Committee,  the  latter  composed  of 
gentlemen.  Under  these  several  heads  are  grouped  the  possibilities  of  work  in 
varying  form,  which  are  more  or  less  potent  in  calling  out  individual  sympathy. 
With  a  correct  appreciation  of  the  relation  comprehended  by  the  constitu- 
tion, this  system  should  be  entirely  successful.  It  must  be  said,  however, 
that  the  utmost  attention  is  paid  by  the  central  body  to  the  special  wishes  and 
sympathies  of  the  auxiliaries.  It  desires  to  encourage  each  and  every  effort 
m  whatever  direction  bent,  to  awaken  local  interest,  and  secure  local  suffrage. 

In  the  winter  of  1886-7  the  association  contributed  $50  to  the  fund  re- 
quested by  the  Molionk  Conference,  to  aid  in  the  work  of  testing  in  the  Cal- 
ifornia courts  of  justice  the  validity  of  the  claims  of  the  Mission  Indians,  who 
hold  their  lands  by  Mexican  titles. 

In  November,  1887,  a  conference  was  held  of  all  the  members  of  the 
Connecticut  Indian  Association.  It  was  the  first  assembling  under  the  new 
regime,  and  valuable  because  affording  occasion  to  explain  more  clearly  to 
the  newly-appointed  officers  and  members  of  committees  the  nature  of  their 
duties  than  could  be  done  by  correspondence.  Its  true  value,  however,  lay 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


in  the  comparison  of  mutual  experience  and  hopes,  and  the  expression  of 
common  zeal  for  earnest  future  work.  At  this  general  assembly  branches 
and  central  society  were  represented,  and  some  brief  review  of  what  had 
been  accomplished  in  the  past  was  asked  from  each  organization.  A  sum- 
mary was  presented  of  the  special  work  of  each  committee,  and  a  detailed  state- 
ment of  the  provisions  of  the  constitution  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Asso- 
ciation was  given  by  Mrs.  Kinney,  its  president. 

The  sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  and  the 
first  under  the  charter,  was  held  Jan.  25,  1888,  and  was  attended  by  over 
sixty  members  of  the  general  and  auxiliary  societies.  Each  branch  was  here 
represented,  and  within  the  year  their  number  had  been  increased  by  the 
newly  organized  societies  in  Meriden,  Litchfield,  Hartford,  and  the  American 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  The  constitution  had  been  formally 
adopted  by  the  association  as  a  whole  at  the  conference  in  November,  but, 
according  to  its  requirements,  the  board  of  officers  was  now  re-elected  to 
serve  during  the  succeeding  year.  The  reports  of  the  secretaries  of  the 
branch  societies,  and  of  chiefs  of  committees,  exhibited  the  progress  made 
since  the  preceding  year,  in  each  and  every  department  of  work,  and  so 
marked  was  this  advance,  so  cheering  the  future,  that  the  Connecticut  Indian 
Association  may  mark  its  first  regenerate  new  year  as  a  year  of  jubilee. 

The  financial  system  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  comprises 
memberships  of  three  kinds:  honorary  members,  made  such  by  the  payment  of 
fifty  dollars;  patrons,  members  who  pay  twenty -five  dollars;  and  life  members, 
who  are  so  constituted  by  the  payment  often  dollars.  In  all  these  cases  mem- 
bership in  the  National  Indian  Association  is  conferred  as  well  as  in  the  state 
society.  The  Connecticut  Indian  Association  has  at  present  twelve  honorary- 
members,  twenty-three  patrons,  and  fifty-seven  life  members.  The  annual 
subscribers  number  seven  hundred  and  seven,  these  being  the  members  of 
its  auxiliary  societies  and  paying  their  dues  to  local  treasurers.  The  state 
association  pays  an  annual  tax  of  twenty-five  cents  per  capita  to  the  national 
association,  and  expects  a  subsidy  from  its  branches  to  re-imburse  it  for  this 
outlay. 

As  the  proportion  of  their  receipts  conveyed  to  the  central  society  by  its 
branches  rests  entirely  with  themselves,  and  as  the  association,  without  fixed 
income  from  any  source,  has  yet  undertaken  important  and  pressing  work  in 
various  directions,  the  question  is  now  under  consideration  as  to  the  way  in 
which  its  obligations  shall  be  met.  It  has  been  proposed  to  raise  a  perma- 
nent fund,  not  so  large  as  to  put  a  limit  to  constant  endeavor  and  earnest 
striving,  but  sufficiently  important  to  guarantee  against  failure  the  work 
undertaken  for  Indian  education,  for  pioneer  mission  work,  and  for  practical 
farming,  if  such  can  be  carried  out. 

The  financial  statement  of  Mrs.  A.  B.  Bull,  treasurer  of  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association,  shows  more  clearly  than  any  other  record  the  relative 


18  THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

progress  of  the  society  since  its  organization.  During  1881  and  1882  the  bills 
incurred  for  printing,  postage,  and  the  purchase  of  literature  for  distribution, 
were  paid  by  individual  generosity.  From  1883,  when  the  permanent  value 
of  the  organization  became  apparent,  and  an  element  of  stability  was  ensured, 
the  receipts  in  cash  of  the  association  were  as  follows: 

1883 *5i  co 

1884  -  -  246  59 

1885  -  -  854  24 

1886  -  -  934  52 

1887  -  -  i»94i  45 

1888  -                         -  2,665  20 

Since  this  statement  was  submitted  the  funds  of  the  association  have 
been  still  farther  increased  by  the  receipts  of  a  lawn  festival  held  by  the  Hart- 
ford Branch,  by  the  proceeds  of  an  entertainment  given  by  the  pupils  of 
Miss  Haines'  school,  and  of  a  fair  held  by  "  Lend  a  Hand  "  Branch. 

Three  regular  and  two  special  meetings  were  held  by  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  during  the  year  1887,  and  meetings,  addressed  by  Captain 
and  Mrs.  Tibbals,  Miss  Elaine  Goodale,  Mrs.  Hiles  of  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  A.  S. 
Quinton,  Rev.  Dr.  Stone,  and  Susan  LaFlesche,  were  held  in  Hartford  and 
in  other  towns  where  there  are  branch  societies. 

The  sixth  annual  meeting's  second  session  was  very  largely  attended, 
and  most  earnest  and  inspiring  addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  Lyman  Abbott, 
by  Rev.  W.  J.  Cleveland,  long  a  missionary  at  the  Rosebud  Agency  in 
Dakota,  by  Joshua  Givens,  a  full-blooded  Kiowa  Indian,  a  graduate  of  the 
Carlisle  school,  and  a  student  of  theology  at  Lincoln  Institute,  Pennsylvania, 
and  by  Mrs.  A.  S.  Quinton,  president  of  the  Women's  National  Indian 
Association. 

Since  the  date  of  the  annual  meeting,  January  25,  1888,  the  association 
has  undertaken  some  important  operations,  which,  if  carried  out,  will  greatly 
increase  its  usefulness,  and  open  still  another  field  for  active  work. 

The  recommendations  of  Agent  Gallagher,  in  his  last  official  report  upon 
the  affairs  of  his  station  at  Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  sustain  the  theory  of  practical 
farming  among  the  Indians  which  has  long  been  entertained  by  the  Connect- 
icut Indian  Association.  It  means  simply  placing  upon  a  reservation  a 
farmer  and  his  wife,  assigning  to  them  an  allotment  of  land  equal  in  quantity 
to  that  held  by  their  neighbors,  and  alike  in  quality  of  soil,  and  thus  giving 
the  Indians  a  practical  instructor  in  the  art  of  agriculture,  and  in  the  modes 
of  civilized  life.  The  value  of  such  a  plan  would  be  unquestionable,  and  in 
this  instance  would  harmonize  with  what  the  association  has  already  under- 
taken in  the  direction  of  educational  and  mission  work. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  executive  and  missionary  committees  held  in  New 
Haven,  May  n,  1888,  it  was  voted  to  undertake  practical  farming  among  the 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  19 

Indians  as  a  regular  department  of  the  general  work,  a  standing  committee 
was  appointed,  and  a  special  committee  named  by  the  president  to  proceed 
to  Washington  to  consult  with  Mr.  Gallagher,  upon  the  practical  measures  to 
be  undertaken  in  carrying  out  the  proposed  work.  An  application  for  an 
allotment  of  land  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  thus  explained  has  beeif  sub- 
mitted by  the  association  to  the  Indian  office  in  Washington. 

In  March,  1888,  the  first  number  of  the  Bulletin  was  issued  by  the  asso- 
ciation, followed  by  a  second  upon  a  more  extended  scale  which  appeared  in 
April  following.  The  purpose  of  the  Iliillctin  is  to  convey  to  the  branch 
societies  and  to  individual  members  of  the  association  the  information  upon 
Indian  affairs  which  is  needed  to  stimulate  and  encourage  them  in  their  efforts. 
The  summary  of  the  year's  work  of  the  committee  on  the  press  gives  a  more 
detailed  account  of  the  character  of  the  association's  organ,  and  the  success- 
ful accomplishment  of  its  original  purpose. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  association  held  July  u, 
1888,  the  missionary  station  at  Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  was  formally  adopted  as  the 
sole  and  especial  charge  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association.  This  action 
was  taken  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association, 
who  established  the  mission,  and  whose  practice  it  is  to  transfer  such  posts, 
when  placed  on  stable  footing,  to  other  societies.  Connecticut,  the  only 
•state  Whose  Indian  association  is  an  incorporated  body,  is  therefore  the  pio- 
neer in  adopting  a  missionary  station.  As  the  association  has  from  the  first 
borne  the  expenses  of  the  missionary  force  at  Fort  Hall,  the  transfer  does  not 
increase  its  financial  obligations,  but  renders  them  only  more  binding,  and 
places  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  mission  wholly  within  the  con- 
trol of  the  association. 

At  the  meeting  of  July  nth,  Mrs.  Kinney  stated  the  agreement  of  the 
Hartford  Hospital  to  receive  two  Indian  girls  into  its  training  school  for 
nurses.  The  value  of  this  permission  is  thoroughly  appreciated  by  the  asso- 
ciation, furthering  as  it  does  so  greatly  its  own  efforts  in  the  line  of  Indian 
education.  Connecticut,  sending  three  trained  nurses  into  its  missionary  field, 
is  again  first  among  the  state  organizations  in  opening  this  new  and  impor- 
tant department  of  work.  The  candidates  for  admission  to  the  training 
school  for  nurses  will  be  selected  from  the  graduates  of  the  Hampton  or 
Carlisle  schools,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  respective  principals. 

There  remains  now  upon  the  roll  ol  membership  of  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  only  one  name  of  the  five  persons  who  inaugurated  the 
work.  Mrs.  M.  B.  Riddle,  having  removed  from  Hartford,  resigned  her 
office  of  secretary  of  the  association,  Mrs.  John  W.  Cooke,  corresponding  sec- 
retary, and  Miss  Vermilye,  treasurer,  gave  up  their  positions  on  account  of 
other  engagements.  These  ladies  were  members  of  the  earliest  board  ol 
<  )l'li(vrs,  and  preserve  undiminished  their  interest  in  work  they  were  unwillingly 
compelled  to  lay  aside. 


THK    roNNKCTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Within  the  past  year,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  Cowan,  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
earnest  friends  of  the  Indian  Association,  died  at  a  time  when  her  interest  was 
more  fervent  than  ever  before,  as  the  future  of  the  cause  had  become  brighter. 
Another  member  of  the  association,  who  was  also  one  of  the  incorporators, 
as  well  as  one  of  that  early  organization,  died  during  the  summer  of  1887. 
Miss  M.  Louise  Ripley  had  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  Indian  rights 
cause,  since  its  first  feeble  beginnings  in  Connecticut,  and  had  preserved 
to  the  last  firm  faith  and  belief  in  its  ultimate  success,  lending  it  always  her 
best  efforts  in  counsels  and  action. 

Still  more  recently,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burton,  a  member  of  the  advisory 
board,  died  most  beloved  and  regretted. 

With  the  the  exception  of  these  who  have  been  withdrawn,  by  death  or 
by  removal  from  the  state,  from  the  association's  work  and  councils,  the 
first  friends  and  members  of  the  early  organization  are  those  on  whom  now 
depends  its  progress  and  prosperity. 

There  are,  however,  others  at  present  to  share  their  labors,  and  the 
public  upon  whose  sympathies  and  support  they  rely  is  not  the  public  of 
1881,  but  a  people  more  enlightened,  more  earnest,  and  more  sympathetic 
in  its  relations  with  the  cause  for  which  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association 
labors. 

The  president  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  Mrs.  Kinney,  has 
been  so  closely  associated  with  every  act  of  the  society,  from  its  organiza- 
tion until  the  present  writing,  that  a  sketch  of  its  history  must  be  necessa- 
rily the  story  of  her  own  connection  with  it.  As  she  has  almost  become 
identified  with  the  Indian  work  in  Connecticut,  her  devotion  to  this  cause 
requires  no  other  showing  than  that  of  the  association's  early  struggles,  its 
hard-won  hold  upon  public  sympathy,  and  its  present  prospect  of  useful- 
ness. 

The  general  interest  in  Indian  affairs,  which  has  undoubtedly  of  late 
been  greatly  quickened,  has  shown  itself  in  the  formation  within  the  last 
six  months  of  four  branch  societies,  in  West  Hartford,  Waterbury,  Norwich 
and  Winsted.  Correspondence  has  been  entered  into  with  several  towns 
ot  the  state,  with  the  view  of  soon  establishing  other  similar  associations. 
The  branch  established  in  Bridgeport  became  extinct  chiefly  through  the 
continued  illness  of  its  prominent  officers,  but  it  is  believed  that  interest  in 
the  local  work  is  reviving,  and  that  hopes  of  re-organizing  the  society  may 
be  entertained. 

At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Association,  the  announcement  of 
the  passage  of  Senator  Dawes'  bill  for  the  allotment  of  Indian  lands  in  sev- 
erally opened  a  future  of  new  possibilities  and  new  hopes  for  the  Indian 
people.  A  year  earlier  all  effort  had  been  directed  towards  bringing  to 
bear  upon  members  of  Congress  such  enlightenment  and  such  moral  influ- 
ence as  should  lend  support  to  a  noble  measure.  The  bill  has  become  a 


THE    CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


law,  and  so  much  definite  progress  has  been  made  toward  the  ultimate  aims 
of  this  association,  but  the  worthy  administration  of  this  trust,  by  the 
placing  of  responsibility  in  safe  hands,  affords  still  grounds  for  anxiety  and 
gives  occasion  for  further  earnest  effort. 

The  work  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  for  the  coming  years 
is  therefore  not  that  of  the  past.  With  the  Indian's  change  of  political  sta- 
tus comes  a  grave  responsibility  upon  those  who  have  urged  this  step  upon 
the  nation — the  task  of  directing  the  use  to  be  made  of  this  new  freedom. 
Upon  our  own  state  society  devolves,  as  upon  the  national  association, 
the  duty  of  greater  energy  in  the  development  of  our  cause,  more  devotion 
to  the  privilege  of  educating  and  Christianizing,  and  more  zeal  in  the  future 
in  removing  public  indifference  to  the  Indian's  claims,  a  sentiment  which  is 
a  more  effectual  barrier  to  progress  than  aught  else. 

The  division  of  the  work  of  the  association  into  standing  committees 
renders  proper  a  summary  of  its  present  status  and  its  future  hopes, 
grouped  under  these  several  heads. 


The  inauguration  of  PIONEER  MISSION  WORK  under  the  auspices  of 
the  state  association  properly  began  with  the  action  of  the  New 
Haven  Branch,  who  in  1886  sent  out  to  Montana  a  medical  missionary, 
with  a  thorough  outfit,  and  with  every  prospect  of  usefulness  in  her  field 
of  labor. 

The  Blackfeet  Agency,  where  the  first  missionary  post  was  established, 
proved  too  extensive  a  field  for  this  especial  enterprise,  and  in  March,  1887, 
the  appeal  made  by  Agent  Gallagher  for  help  in  Christianizing  and  civiliz- 
ing the  1,500  Shoshonee  and  Bannock  Indians  at  Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  was 
brought  to  the  consideration  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association.  Upon 
the  favorable  report  of  the  Rev.  David  Peebles  sent  to  examine  into  the 
advantages  of  this  post  as  a  missionary  station,  it  was  determined  to  adopt 
Fort  Hall  as  the  especial  field  for  Connecticut's  labor.  In  July,  1887,  Miss 
Frost,  engaged  under  the  special  interest  and  support  of  the  New  Haven 
Branch,  arrived  at  Fort  Hall  and  began  her  important  task,  so  great,  as  at 
first  considered,  that  the  hope  of  making  improvement  seemed  visionary 
and  far  distant. 

In  September,  1887,  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  sent  a  second 
missionary  and  teacher,  Miss  Stiles,  to  Fort  Hall.  To  the  value  and  useful- 
ness of  these  two  brave  women  none  has  testified  more  earnestly  than  the 
government  agent  at  the  post. 

To  cheer  them  by  sympathy  expressed  by  means  of  frequent  corres- 
pondence, and  by  material  assistance  for  their  pupils  and  themselves  lias 
been  one  of  the  duties  and  pleasures  of  the  committee  on  pioneer  mission 
work,  during  the  past  year. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


The  term  for  which  Miss  Frost  had  engaged  with  the  national  associa- 
tion having  expired,  her  engagement  was  renewed  by  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association,  by  virtue  of  the  action  of  the  meeting  of  July  n,  1888. 
Miss  Stiles,  whose  period  of  service  ends  September  ist,  will  also  be 
re-engaged  by  the  association,  both  women  having  given  it  faithful  and 
devoted  service.  With  time,  patience,  and  public  support,  the  missionary 
station  at  Fort  Hall  may  become  a  center  from  which  the  highest  pos- 
sibilities for  the  Indian  race  will  proceed.  It  will  certainly,  it  is  hoped,  be 
the  first  established  of  many  similar  points  of  activity,  if  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  can  be  enabled  to  fulfil  the  grand  work  which  seems 
opening  before  it. 

The  work  of  the  HOME-BUILDING  COMMITTEE,  undertaken  in  1884-5, 
has  become  a  department  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association's  organ- 
ized operations.  The  cottage  of  Connecticut  is  now  occupied  by  Philip 
Stabler,  his  wife,  and  their  three  children,  and  on  the  whole  amount 
loaned,  1367.49,  two  payments  have  already  been  made,  and  a  third  is  prom- 
ised for  the  current  year.  This  venture,  apparently  so  insignificant,  has 
given  stimulus  and  direction  to  a  national  movement  of  the  same  kind.  The 
value  of  a  successful  experiment  in  presenting  to  barbarism  a  working 
model  of  the  methods  of  civilized  life  has  been  quickly  apprehended,  and 
this  branch  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association's  work  will  steadily  in- 
crease in  importance,  and,  while  offering  new  and  ever  widening  oppor- 
tunity for  self-sacrifice  and  devotion  to  the  home  corps,  promises  results  for 
the  Indians  themselves  whose  possibilities  cannot  now  be  estimated. 
Each  point  from  which  enlightenment  proceeds  may  become  the  center 
of  circles  of  vast  circumference. 

From  the  report  of  the  committee  on  home-building  of  the  Women's 
National  Indian  Association  we  find  that  "  seventeen  applications  for  loans 
have  been  received  within  the  past  year  ;  four  applications  have  been 
granted,  and  two  houses  are  in  process  of  building."  Of  the  nine  Indians 
who,  within  the  past  two  years,  have  received  aid  from  this  committee, 
seven  have  begun  making  payments  upon  loans. 

The  work  of  the  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  LITERATURE 
has  always  filled  an  important  place  in  the  history  of  the  association.  Its 
first  duty  has  been  to  thoroughly  enlighten  the  public  upon  the  merits  of  the 
cause  the  society  advocates.  Whatever  published  matter  bearing  upon  the 
strong  points  in  the  case  could  be  obtained  has  been  acquired  by  purchase, 
if  not  by  gift,  and  distributed  generally  throughout  the  state.  The  harvest 
of  seed  thus  sown  can  never  be  directly  estimated,  but  must  certainly  be 
numbered  among  the  causes  of  the  association's  growing  prosperity. 

The  whole  number  of  reports,  leaflets  and  other  publications  distributed 
through  the  medium  of  this  committee  amounts  to  something  over  ten 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  23 

thousand.  Of  this  number  over  four  thousand  were  issued  by  the  Con- 
necticut Indian  Association. 

COMMITTEE  ON  INDIAN  EDUCATION.— The  earlier  steps  which  led 
to  the  adoption  of  Susan  LaFlesche  by  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association 
have  been  already  narrated.  The  excellent  record  she  obtained  during 
her  attendance  at  the  Hampton  Institute,  Virginia,  recommended  her 
to  the  favorable  notice  of  the  association,  this  proficiency  as  student, 
and  her  stability  of  character  as  woman,  obtaining  for  her  the  warm  com- 
mendation of  Gen.  Armstrong  and  the  teachers  of  the  Institute. 

Two  courses  of  lectures  at  the  Woman's  Medical  College,  Philadel- 
phia, have  been  attended  by  Susan  LaFlesche,  and  the  most  recent  infor- 
mation regarding  her  progress  in  study  comes  from  the  despatch  sent  by 
her  upon  the  successful  result  of  the  recent  annual  examinations.  It  says 
simply,  "Mulium  in  parvo  —  passed  in  all."  One  year  more  of  study  will 
complete  her  medical  education,  and  she  will  then  return  to  her  own  peo- 
ple, the  Omahas,  as  physician  and  teacher.  Her  whole  earnest  nature  is 
kindled  at  the  thought  of  carrying  to  them  the  hope  of  better  things,  and 
her  mission  is  one  of  those  untried  ventures  upon  which  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  has  already  entered  —  one  begun  in  weakness  and  with 
limited  powers,  but  holding  the  promise  of  great  hope  for  the  not  distant 
future. 

Attention  to  Susan  LaFlesche's  studies  and  personal  comfort  has  not 
been  the  only  care  of  the  Connecticut  society.  She  has  been  in  constant 
communication  with  Mrs.  Kinney  and  others,  and  has  awakened  the  interest 
of  more  than  one  of  the  branch  societies,  who  have  sent  her  friendly  tokens 
as  the  occasion  of  holidays  was  presented. 

The  young  ladies  of  the  school  in  Farmington  have  shown  special  and 
continuing  interest  in  the  association,  and  contribute  the  sum  of  $75  a  year 
to  the  cause  of  Indian  education.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  sum  re- 
ceived from  the  government  towards  Susan  LaFlesche's  support  was,  in 
1887,  reduced  from  $167  to  $125,  on  account  of  the  smaller  appropriation 
made  by  congress  in  that  year  for  the  expenses  of  the  Indian  Bureau. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  committee  on  Indian  education  has  now  in  view 
the  development  of  another  form  of  the  same  work.  The  training  of  Indian 
nurses  in  the  hospitals  at  New  Haven  and  Hartford  will  carry  out  the  edu- 
cational plan  in  another  form.  As  the  pupils  become  almost  at  once  self- 
supporting  in  the  training  schools,  the  expense  attending  the  project  is  lim- 
ited to  the  traveling  and  incidental  expenses  of  the  students.  No  form  of 
benefit  conferred  upon  the  Indian  race  is  more  self-justifying  than  this 
which  sends  skilled  nursing  where  it  is  so  greatly  needed,  as  the  mission- 
aries' reports  indicate. 

The  work  of  the  CO.MMITTKK  ON  LKAKI.KTS  contemplates  the  issuing, 
from  time  to  time,  of  small  sheets  containing  brief  items  of  Indian  news, 


24  THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 

pithy  extracts  from  speeches  of  public  men  on  Indian  affairs,  and  short  state- 
ments of  facts,  whose  value  lies  in  brevity  and  point.  Such  leaflets,  to  the 
number  of  seventeen,  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  Mrs.  I.  M.  Hop- 
pin,  late  chairman  of  the  state  committee,  were  issued  by  the  New  Haven 
Branch  and  very  generally  distributed.  The  essay  upon  organization,  pre- 
pared by  the  president  of  the  association,  was  issued  as  a  leaflet,  five 
hundred  copies  being  printed,  and  one  thousand  copies  of  the  sheet  con- 
taining the  organization  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  were  distri- 
buted. The  recently  appointed  chairman  of  the  state  committee  on  leaflets, 
Miss  M.  E.  Ives,  of  New  Haven,  has  prepared  an  article  upon  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  association  for  "Lend  a  Hand,"  and  also  another  leaflet 
which  is  published  by  the  New  Haven  Branch. 

The  COMMITTEE  ON  PETITIONS  has  found  exercise  for  its  functions 
from  an  early  period  in  the  history  cf  the  association.  In  1881  petitions 
were  circulated  throughout  the  state,  to  which  signatures  were  obtained, 
chiefly  through  the  influence  of  the  clergy,  asking  that  Connecticut  repre- 
sentatives be  instructed  to  vote  favorably  in  Congress  upon  all  measures 
looking  to  the  mental,  moral,  and  physical  advancement  of  the  Indian. 
Since  then  petitions,  numerously  signed,  have  been  forwarded  to  members 
of  Congress,  upon  the  introduction  of  all  important  measures  bearing  on 
Indian  affairs.  The  last  petitions  prepared  by  the  committee  were  sent  to 
Washington  in  support  of  the  Dawes  "  Lands-in-Severalty  "  bill,  and  in  pro- 
test against  the  withdrawal  of  government  support  from  the  Indian  schools 
at  Hampton  and  Carlisle. 

Any  effort  to  bring  to  the  notice  of  the  legislature  the  merits  of  pro- 
posed action  on  Indian  affairs  is  properly  comprised  in  the  work  of  the 
committee  on  petitions,  even  should  the  form  taken  by  protest  or  advocacy 
be  not  that  of  previous  years. 

To  the  success  of  the  work  of  the  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  PRESS  of  the 
association,  the  support  of  the  newspapers  throughout  the  state  was  essential, 
and  such  assistance  has  been  rendered  in  fullest  measure.  From  the  inaugu- 
ration of  the  work  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  to  the  present 
writing,  the  columns  of  the  city  and  state  press  have  been  unfailingly  open 
to  information  regarding  Indian  affairs  furnished  by  this  committee,  to  the 
association's  appeals  in  behalf  of  local  enterprises  for  raising  funds,  and  to 
its  attempts  to  .call  attention  to  proposed  legislation  in  Congress  in  this  direc- 
tion. Upon  the  city  press  of  Hartford  and  New  Haven  the  demands  have, 
naturally,  been  most  frequent,  and  the  gratitude  of  the  association  for  the 
favors  thus  freely  granted  was  formally  acknowledged  in  the  action  of  the 
society  at  the  general  conference  of  its  members,  held  Nov.  i,  1887,  when  a 
vote  of  thanks  to  the  press  of  the  city  and  state  was  passed.  The  whole 
number  of  articles  inserted  in  the  press  by  means  of  this  standing  committee 
has  been  about  six  hundred  and  fifty. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  25 

In  March,  1888,  a  new  and  important  enterprise  was  undertaken  by  the 
committee  on  the  press  of  the  association.  In  order  to  present  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  society  throughout  the  state  a  brief  summary  of  the  latest  infor- 
mation upon  Indian  affairs,  the  publication  of  a  small  bulletin  was  under- 
taken, and  the  first  number  appeared  in  March,  1888,  under  the  editorship  of 
Miss  Katherine  Burbank,  chairman  of  the  committee.  This  issue,  a  small 
sheet,  9X6  inches,  contained  a  brief  account  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
association,  held  Jan.  25,  1888,  short  statements  of  the  current  work  of  the 
branch  societies,  news  from  the  mission-field  of  the  state  in  Idaho,  from  the 
student  in  the  charge  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  from  the 
Stablers  on  the  Omaha  reservation,  and,  finally,  a  review  of  the  bills  relating 
to  Indians  before  Congress.  Five  hundred  copies  of  this  issue  were  distributed 
throughout  the  state,  and  were  so  cordially  welcomed  that  a  second  number 
was  published,  in  April,  upon  a  somewhat  larger  scale,  which  was  warranted 
by  a  page  of  advertising  matter  secured  by  the  committee.  This  Bulletin 
was  a  sheet  12X10  inches,  of  which  1,000  copies  were  printed  and  distributed 
gratuitously,  as  before.  It  contained  full  and  interesting  letters  from  Miss 
Frost  and  Susan  LaFlesche,  reports  from  auxiliaries,  very  interesting  extracts 
from  letters  of  government  agents,  a  notice  of  the  Indian  Friend — the  first 
number  of  the  organ  of  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association — and  a 
reprint,  by  permission  of  the  author,  of  the  "One  Little  Injun,"  with  its  ap- 
propriate wood-cut,  as  it  originally  appeared  in  Harper's  Young  Folks. 
The  intention  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  is  to  publish  six  or  eight 
numbers  of  The  Bulletin  each  year,  between  October  and  April. 

COMMITTEE  ON  PRACTICAL  FARMING.— As  already  stated,  the  work  of 
practical  farming  among  the  Indians  has  been  formally  undertaken  by  the 
association.  It  harmonizes  with  what  has  already  been  inaugurated  in  the 
direction  of  educational  and  missionary  work,  but  so  complicated  are  the 
relations  involved  in  the  establishment  of  this  special  form  of  practical  phi- 
lanthropy that  the  initial  steps  must  be  taken  with  the  utmost  discretion. 
The  character  of  the  soil  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  government  station 
at  Fort  Hall  renders  that  point  unfit  for  a  base  of  operations  in  the  direc- 
tion of  practical  farming,  while  the  advantages  of  establishing  such  in  con- 
nection with  the  Connecticut  mission  yet  are  evident,  and  warrant  the  delay 
which  may  present  counterbalancing  advantages  to  the  objections  that  are 
urged,  not  against  the  measure  itself,  but  against  the  particular  field  wherein 
it  has  been  thought  possible  to  operate. 

The  formal  application  of  the  Connecticut  Association  is  now  on  file  at 
the  Indian  office  in  Washington,  asking  that  one  hundred  and  sixty  arivs  of 
land,  suitable  for  the-  purpose,  be  set  apart,  at,  or  near,  Fort  Hall,  for  the 
joint  use  of  the  resident  missionaries  (for  whom  a  cottage  is  to  be  built)  and 
the  practical  farmer,  and  his  family,  who,  in  due  time,  will  have  charge  of 
the  experimental  farm. 


26  THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

This  new  department  of  the  association's  work  has  already  awakened  the 
special  interest  of  certain  of  the  branch  societies,  one  of  which  has  pledged 
an  annual  contribution  of  $100  to  the  fund  for  practical  farming. 

This  sketch  of  the  history  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  shows 
tlie  feebleness  of  its  origin,  and  its  present  condition,  with  facilities  for  great 
future  usefulness,  but  with  comparatively  limited  powers  —  in  a  financial 
point  of  view.  As  has  been  shown,  the  association  has  inaugurated  and 
undertaken  departments  of  work  almost  limitless  in  their  possibilities  for 
good  to  the  Indian  race.  To  carry  out  plans  which  have  originated  with  the 
Connecticut  Indian  Association,  and  will  be  always  associated  with  its  history, 
requires  more  assurance  of  financial  support  than  the  society  can  as  yet  com- 
mand. Without  fixed  income,  can  permanent  obligations  be  undertaken,  and 
yet  can  we  consent  to  let  such  opportunity  pass  by  ?  The  association  believes 
that  it  will  not  appeal  in  vain,  in  the  light  of  what,  with  insufficient  means 
and  partial  public  sympathy,  has  been  already  accomplished. 

Nature's  processes  of  growth  are  not  always  gradual,  certain  accessions 
of  development  are  at  times  apparent,  though  prompted  by  what  greater 
intensity  of  vital  forces,  we  cannot  tell.  A  similar  stimulated  growth  has 
been  noted  in  the  development  of  all  the  great  truths  wrhich  have  made  their 
impression  with  difficulty  upon  the  race.  The  history  of  every  great  move- 
ment shows  that  after  years  of  obstruction  and  struggle  it  will  seem  suddenly 
to  find  the  way  open  before  it,  while  its  own  system  seems  infused  with 
new  energy  and  life. 

With  the  opening  of  this  new  year,  we  must  recognize  that  the  horizon 
has  changed  for  this  work;  what  seemed  insurmountable  obstacles  in  perspec- 
tive have  been  found  practicable  when  approached. 

Any  movement  of  national  importance,  which  deals  with  the  interests  of 
a  people,  needs  only  the  evidence  of  assured  growth  to  render  its  future  one 
of  promise  and  hope. 

If  there  is  vital  force  in  any  cause,  the  question  of  development  is  sec- 
ondary only,  and  a  matter  of  time  and  favorable  surroundings. 

ELLEN  TERRY  JOHNSON, 

Secretary. 


THE    CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION.  2J 


BRANCH  SOCIETIES. 


The  following  summary  of  the  work  of  the  societies  auxiliary  to  the 
Connecticut  Indian  Association  is  taken  from  the  reports  rendered  by  their 
secretaries  to  the  central  association. 

CANAAN   BRANCH. 

A  branch  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  was  organized  in  Canaan, 
in  1886,  and  now  has  a  membership  of  twenty-one.  The  general  plan  of  the 
state  association  has  been  carried  out  in  this  auxiliary  society,  which  has 
made  the  dissemination  of  fuller  information  regarding  the  Indian  work  its 
first  duty.  By  means  of  the  publications  of  the  Indian  associations,  freely 
distributed  throughout  the  community,  and  through  the  influence  of  the  pub- 
lic meetings  held  in  Canaan  from  time  to  time  in  the  interests  of  the  Indian 
work,  something  tangible  has  been  done  towards  forming  a  right  sentiment 
upon  this  question.  One  public  meeting  was  addressed  by  Miss  Elaine 
Goodale,  and  a  collection  of  $17  made  and  turned  into  the  state  treasury, 
while  more  recently  the  general  interest  was  greatly  stimulated  by  the  pres- 
ence, at  a  special  meeting,  of  Joshua  Givens,  the  Kiowa  Indian. 

A  box  of  clothing  has  been  sent  from  the  Canaan  Branch  to  Fort  Hall, 
Idaho,  and  a  similar  contribution  made  to  one  of  Bishop  Hare's  schools,  the 
latter  gift  being  an  indirect  outgrowth  of  the  society's  work. 

An  excellent  practice  of  this  branch  has  been  the  reading  aloud  at  the 
regular  meetings  of  articles  upon  the  general  subject  of  work  for  the  Indian. 
The  society  feels  that  in  this  little  corner  of  the  state  a  real  and  growing  in- 
terest has  been  kindled  in  the  work,  which,  witli  careful  nurture,  may  in 
time  develop  greater  results. 

Canaan  Branch  has  one  life  member  of  the  state  and  national  associations. 


GUILFORD    BRANCH. 

This  society  now  has  twenty-nine  members,  holds  regular  quarterly 
meetings,  and  within  the  past  year  has  called  special  meetings  to  hear  Miss 
Kate  Foote's  account  of  the  Turtle  Mt.  Indians,  and  Miss  Elaine  Goodale's 
story  of  her  own  efforts  in  Dakota.  Like  the  other  auxiliary  societies,  the 


28  THE    CONNF.CTICfT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Guilford  Branch  has  devoted  much  of  its  time  and  energy  to  the  distribution 
of  literature  upon  the  Indian  question  supplied  by  the  state  association. 

A  valuable  gift  of  clothing  has  been  sent  by  this  society  to  the  Pine 
Ridge  Agency,  Dakota,  and  another  of  still  greater  value  to  the  Turtle  Mt. 
Indians,  Dakota.  Christmas  boxes  were  also  sent  this  last  year  to  Miss 
Elaine  Goodale's  scholars,  and  to  Susan  LaFlesche. 

To  the  indirect  agency  of  the  Guilford  Branch  may  be  ascribed  the  inter- 
est in  Indian  work  manifested  in  the  town.  The  Sunday  school  of  the  Third 
Congregational  Church  made  a  contribution  of  $36.68  towards  the  comple- 
tion of  the  new  dormitory  at  the  Carlisle  Training  School.  A  portion  of  this 
sum  was  raised  by  the  scholars'  cultivation  of  squashes  for  market.  A  con- 
tribution of  $70  in  cash,  with  clothing  estimated  at  #112.85,  was  made  by  the 
First  Congregational  Church  and  Sunday  School  to  the  support  of  young 
Indians  at  the  Sumter  Agency.  In  these  young  workers  the  society  hopes  to 
secure  in  the  future  laborers  in  its  own  field. 

The  Guilford  Branch  has  one  honorary  member  and  one  patron  in  the 
state  and  national  associations. 


HARTFORD   BRANCH. 

With  the  reorganization  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  the 
necessity  of  detaching  from  it  the  local  interests  became  evident.  The 
framers  of  the  first  definite  plan  of  work  for  the  Indians  in  the  state  were  the 
persons  who,  on  May  24,  1888,  organized  a  new  auxiliary  society,  with  its 
own  constitution  and  laws,  and  bearing  to  the  central  association  the  relation 
common  to  all  its  branches.  Thus  while  the  Hartford  Branch,,  as  a  body, 
has  lived  a  year  only,  its  individual  membership  is  co-existent  with  the  cen- 
tral association.  Among  the  latest  formed  of  all  the  dependent  societies,  it 
has  been  established  on  the  model  supplied  by  the  state  constitution,  accept- 
ing its  representation  in  the  state  association  as  its  guarantee  of  satisfactory 
administration,  and  regarding  its  functions  as  chiefly  those  of  a  source  of 
supply  to  what  is  its  executive  body.  The  constitution  of  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association,  not  including  annual  memberships,  those  existing  as 
local  subsidy  naturally  became  the  portion  of  the  Hartford  Branch,  and  at 
present  it  numbers  two  hundred  and  one  members.  It  has  four  honorary  mem- 
bers of  the  state  and  national  associations,  twelve  patrons,  and  fifteen  life 
members. 

Since  its  organization  it  has  held  regular  monthly  meetings,  and  by- 
means  of  a  lawn  festival  held  in  October,  of  1887,  which  was  most  successful 
both  financially  and  socially,  and  of  a  dramatic  entertainment  given  by  some 
of  the  young  ladies  and  gentlemen  of  Hartford,  in  February,  1888,  some- 
thing over  $600  was  netted  for  the  benefit  of  the  local  treasury. 


THE    CONNECTICIT    TXPIAN    ASSOCIATION.  29 

As  the  objects  of  the  Hartford  Branch,  as  set  forth  in  the  constitution, 
are  to  create  right  public  sentiment  which  shall  aid  the  government  in 
abolishing  all  oppression  of  Indians  within  our  natural  limits,  imparting;  to 
them  the  same  protection  by  law  that  other  nations  among  us  enjoy  ;  and  to 
aid  in  the  educational,  mission,  and  Christianizing  work  of  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association,  the  society  has  turned  over  the  entire  sums  raised  by 
special  effort,  as  well  as  its  yearly  income  arising  from  subscriptions,  to  the 
state  treasurer,  reserving  only  what  amount  was  necessary  to  meet  current 
expenses. 

While  its  sympathies  have  not  been  directed  into  any  one  department  of 
Indian  work,  the  Hartford  Branch  has  always  maintained  personal  relations 
with  the  association's  protege  by  correspondence,  and  has  given  her  many 
evidences  of  interest  and  regard.  Susan  LaFlesche  visited  Hartford  on  the 
occasion  of  the  entertainment  given  on  the  Retreat  grounds,  in  October,  1887, 
and  made  personal  acquaintance  with  friends  to  whom,  though  unknown, 
she  had  long  been  an  object  of  sincere  interest. 

At  Christmas,  of  the  past  year,  the  members  of  the  Hartford  Branch 
sent  to  the  mission  at  Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  a  contribution  of  clothing  and  gifts 
appropriate  to  the  season,  for  the  use  of  the  missionaries  who  are  Connecti- 
cut's representatives  at  that  post,  and  for  their  pupils.  The  society  also 
joined  with  the  New  Haven  Branch  in  purchasing  an  organ  for  use  in  the 
chapel  of  the  mission  house,  at  the  same  Christmas  season. 

A  lawn  festival  was  held  June  2ist,  on  the  grounds  of  Mr.  James  G. 
Batterson,  the  proceeds  of  which  will  be  turned  over  into  the  treasury  of  the 
state  society. 

"LEND   A   HAND"  BRANCH. 

HARTFORD. 

This  little  society  was  formed  in  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb,  at  Hartford,  for  the  two-fold  purpose  of  working  for  the  Indians  and 
awakening  in  the  minds  of  its  youthful  members  an  interest  in  unselfish  labor 
for  others,  at  a  period  when  personal  improvement  seems  not  seldom  the 
limit  of  obligation.  This  "  Lend  a  Hand  "  Branch  was  formed  Jan.  4,  1887, 
and  lias  held  regular  meetings  every  two  weeks,  save  during  the  summer  va- 
cation. In  June,  1887,  a  sale  of  the  fancy  articles  made  by  young  members  of 
the  branch  was  held,  and  the  sum  of  $95  was  realized — $So  of  which  was  paid 
to  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  the  balance  being  held  for  the  contin- 
gent expenses  oC  the  society.  At  the  request  of  the  young  ladies  this  contri- 
bution of  £<So  was  applied  towards  the  expenses  of  Susan  LaFlrsche's 
education. 

During  the  past  winter  the  "Lend  a  Hand"  I'.rancli  has  resumed  its 
work  with  spirit  and  enthusiasm.  The  temporary-  residence  in  Hartford  of 


TMK    CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


its  members  makes  a  yearly  change  of  officers  necessary  ;  at  present  the  roll 
of  members  shows  nineteen  names.  Since  the  report  rendered  at  the  last 
annual  meeting  a  most  successful  fair  has  been  held  by  this  society,  and  the 
sum  of  |8o  turned  over  to  the  treasurer  of  the  association,  to  be  applied,  as 
before  to  the  work  of  Indian  education. 


THE  HARTFORD  SEMINARY   BRANCH. 

This  society  numbers  forty -nine  members,  and  was  organized  in  1887. 
It  holds  regular  monthly  meetings,  and  finds  its  interest  in  the  Indian  cause 
steadily  increasing.  This  is  in  part  due  to'  its  knowledge  of  the  general  work, 
gained  through  the  Indian  paper  published  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  subscribed  to 
by  the  society,  and  also  through  the  publications  of  the  Indian  associations. 
Within  the  past  year  a  contribution  in  money  has  been  made  to  the  state  asso- 
ciation, and  the  youthful  members  of  this  branch  are  now  preparing  a  box  of 
clothing,  to  be  sent  as  Mrs.  Kinney  may  direct.  They  are  beginning  this  year 
of  unknown  possibilities  with  an  unselfish  devotion  to  the  good  which  may  be 
accomplished  through  their  agency. 


LITCHFIELD   BRANCH. 

The  town  of  Litchfield  has  kept  many  of  its  Indian  names  and  associa- 
tions with  its  lakes  and  rivers,  and  it  seemed  fitting  to  the  people  of  Litch- 
field that  work  for  the  race  dispossessed  should  be  undertaken  there.  Miss 
Elaine  Goodale  lent  her  presence  and  sympathy  to  the  meeting  called 
August  25,  1887,  in  the  interests  of  Indian  work.  Her  personal  influence 
doubtless  did  much  to  stimulate  general  interest  in  her  individual  work,  as 
well  as  in  that  of  more  general  nature,  and  the  collection  then  taken  formed 
a  small  base  of  operations  for  the  Litchfield  Branch  organized  a  few  days 
later. 

Since  that  time  monthly  meetings  have  been  regularly  held,  and  the 
interest  of  the  members  in  this  work  has  steadily  increased.  That  interest 
has  been  stimulated  by  the  letters  and  pamphlets  of  the  Indian  associations, 
read  at  these  meetings  and  fully  discussed. 

A  member  of  the  local  press  committee  furnished  a  very  interesting 
article  to  Mr.  Hale's  magazine,  "Lend  a  Hand."  Other  contributions  from 
the  same  committee  were,  an  article  on  the  Dawes  bill  in  the  daily  paper,  and 
various  articles  in  periodicals. 

A  concert  has  recently  been  given  under  the  auspices  of  this  branch 
which  secured  for  its  treasury'  the  handsome  sum  of  $125. 

The  recent  work  of  the  Litchfield  Branch  has  been  the  preparing  of  a  gift 
of  clothing  for  the  Omaha  Indians.  It  has  already  sent  two  valuable  con- 


THE   CONNKCTICTT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION.  31 

signments  to  this  tribe.  It  numbers  among  its  annual  subscribers  a  lady  who 
is  also  an  honorary'  member  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  Mrs. 
Betsey  Averill,  of  New  Preston,  who  at  the  age  of  a  hundred  and  one  years 
is  most  earnest  in  her  devotion  to  the  Indian  cause,  and  active  in  lending  it 
her  personal  support. 

From  this  branch  comes  assurances  that  as  knowledge  of  their  work 
becomes  diffused,  greater  interest,  sympathy,  and  xeal  ensue. 

The  Litchfield  Branch  has  one  honorary  and  three  life  members  of  the 
state  and  national  associations. 


MEKIDEN    BRANCH. 

This  society,  organized  May  5,  1887,  has  seventeen  annual  members,  and 
three  life  members.  It  has  met  regularly,  and  has  also  held  two  special 
meetings,  the  speakers  on  these  occasions  being  Susan  LaFlesche  and  Mrs. 
Quinton,  of  Philadelphia.  If  interest  in  the  Indian  cause  is  slowly  awaken-' 
ing  in  this  special  local  field,  there  is  still  no  room  for  doubt  that  the  slender 
promise  will  be  redeemed  eventually. 


NEW  HAVEN   BRANCH. 

In  November,  1885,  Mrs.  Kinney,  with  Mrs.  Amelia  S.  Quinton,  then 
general  secretary  of  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association,  met  a  number 
of  ladies  in  New  Haven  to  discuss  and,  if  possible,  to  effect  the  organization 
in  that  town  of  a  branch  society.  Mrs.  Quinton  fully  explained  the  objects  and 
aims  of  the  Indian  Association,  and  invited  those  present  to  join  in  the  effort 
which  was  being  made  by  the  women  of  the  land  to  hasten  on  the  civilization 
and  Christianization  of  the  Indian  race.  The  plan  there  proposed  was 
accepted,  and  the  vote  to  organize  a  branch  society  was  then  and  there  an- 
nounced by  Mrs.  Quinton.  Officers  pro  tern,  were  appointed,  to  tide  the  new 
society  over  a  period  of  a  few  weeks,  until  the  more  formal  organization 
could  be  completed  by  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  of  the  state  society, 
and  the  appointment  of  a  full  board  of  permanent  officers.  This  final  step 
was  taken  in  the  following  January,  and  the  new  society,  under  the  name 
of  the  New  Haven  Branch  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  entered 
upon  its  important  work. 

The  interest  of  the  community  was  awakened  through  the  religions  or- 
ganizations, and  thus  a  large  number  of  members  of  the  branch  was  early 
secured.  As  a  first  contribution  to  the  cause,  the  sum  turned  over  to  tin- 
New  Haven  ladies  as  their  share  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  tin-  U'oiiu -n's 
Pavilion,  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  was  placed  to  the  order  of  the  New 


32  TIIK   CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 

Haven  Branch  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association.  In  addition  to  the 
sum  resulting  from  membership  fees,  a  lecture  by  Rev.  Edward  Everett  Hale 
yielded  the  sum  of  #200  to  the  society's  treasury.  Its  funds  have  since  been 
increased  by  the  proceeds  of  a  lawn  fete  and  of  an  amateur  dramatic  repre- 
sentation. The  department  of  mission  work  has  always  especially  claimed 
the  interest  of  the  New  Haven  Branch,  and  its  earliest  efforts  were  directed 
towards  sending  a  medical  missionary  to  the  far  West.  In  June,  1886,  Miss 
Williams,  a  physician  of  fifteen  years'  practice,  was  despatched  to  the  Blackfeet 
Agency,  Montana,  with  the  most  liberal  outfit  that  experience  could  suggest 
and  generous  sympathy  supply.  Owing  to  unavoidable  complications,  chief 
among  which  was  the  necessity  of  a  larger  missionary  force  at  the  agency, 
this  scheme  of  operations  was  changed  after  a  brief  trial,  and  in  the  summer 
of  1887  the  appeal  of  the  agent  at  Fort  Hall  for  a  missionary  helper 
resulted  in  the  appointment  of  Miss  Amelia  J.  Frost  to  the  post,  after  full  in- 
vestigation of  the  claims  of  the  station.  With  this  arduous  task  before  her,  in  a 
position  where  the  necessity  for  earnest  labor  is  almost  equalled  by  the  slen- 
der opportunity  for  reconstruction,  through  all  the  discouragements  of  illness 
of  body,  and  hardship  endured  in  adjusting  her  life  to  new  and  difficult  sur- 
roundings, Miss  Frost  has  found  courage  to  write  to  her  friends  and  helpers 
in  New  Haven  words  of  such  high  cheer  and  courage  as  to  inspire  them  with 
new  energy  in  hope  and  action. 

To  sustain  its  missionary  with  correspondence  and  whatever  of  material 
comfort  quick  sympathy  can  suggest  is  now  the  chief  work  of  the  New 
I laven  Branch. 

The  work  of  the  leaflet  committee  of  the  New  Haven  Branch  has  been 
of  especial  value.  Under  the  direction  of  the  late  chairman,  Mrs.  James 
Hoppin,  seventeen  leaflets  have  been  issued  and  very  widely  distributed 
throughout  the  state.  A  new  leaflet  prepared  by  Miss  M.  E.  Ives,  the  present 
chairman  of  both  the  state  and  local  committee,  has  recently  been  issued. 

The  members  have  contributed  to  "  Lend  a  Hand"  several  articles  upon 
the  worK  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association.  Another  member  of  the 
branch  has  undertaken  the  support,  during  her  education,  of  a  young  Indian 
girl,  who  is  entered  as  a  pupil  in  the  New  Haven  training  school  for  nurses.' 

The  New  Haven  Branch  now  has  two  hundred  and  sixty  members  who  are 
annual  subscribers,  and  has  supplied  four  honorary  members,  eleven  patrons, 
and  twenty-seven  life  members  to  the  state  and  national  Indian  associations. 

New  Haven's  earliest  representative  in  the  organization  of  the  Connecti- 
cut Indian  Association,  Mrs.  Noah  Porter,  has  recently  died,  most  deeply 
regretted  by  her  fellow  workers,  who  also  express,  in  their  recently  issued 
annual  report,  the  loss  sustained  by  the  branch  in  the  death  of  Mrs.  T.  T. 
Munger,  a  memorial  of  whom  will  find  place  in  the  proposed  New  Haven 
cottage. 


THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION.  33 


NORWICH    BRANCH. 

A  branch  society  was  organized  by  Mrs.  Kinney  at  Norwich,  June  13, 
1888,  with  an  annual  membership  of  thirty-one.  The  town  has  already  two 
honorary  members  and  one  life  member  of  the  state  and  national  associations. 


WATERBURY   BRANCH. 

An  auxiliary  society  was  organized  by  Mrs.  Kinney  in  Waterbury,  June 
15,  1888.  Its  history  lies  before  it.  It  begins  its  life  with  thirty  annual  mem- 
bers and  one  life  member. 


WEST  HARTFORD  BRANCH. 

On  June  7,  1888,  an  auxiliary  association  was  formed  in  the  town  of 
West  Hartford  at  a  meeting  called  for  the  purpose  by  Mrs.  Kinney.  The 
young  society  has  twenty  members,  and  promises  to  bring  zeal  and  energy  to 
the  cause  of  the  association. 


WINSTED   BRANCH. 

This  society  was  organized  June  6,  1888,  with  a  membership  of  twelve, 
and  has  elected  its  vice-presidents  from  among  the  representatives  of  the 
local  churches. 


THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


HONORARY  MEMBERS. 

CONSTITUTED  SUCH  BY  THE  PAYMENT  OF  FIFTY  DOLLARS. 

*Averill,  Mrs.  Betsey, New  Preston- 

Dwight,  Mrs.  Timothy, New  Haven. 

Haines,  Miss  Elizabeth  Halsey, .         Hartford. 

Harrison,  Mrs.  Henry  B., New  Haven. 

Kinney,  Mrs.  S.  T Hartford. 

Terkins,  Mrs.  Henry  A., Hartford. 

Pierce,  Mrs.  Anna  E.,          .  Norwich. 

Pierce,  Hon.  Moses,  . Norwich. 

Skinner,  Mrs.  M.  L.,  New  Haven. 

Ward,  Mrs.  S.  S Hartford. 

\Vashburn,  Mrs.  Caroline,  East  River. 

\Yheeler,  Mrs  J.  \V.  .      ' New  Haven. 


PATRONS. 

CONSTITUTED  SUCH  BY  THE  PAYMENT  OF  TWENTY-FIVE  DOLLARS. 

Bull,  Mrs.  A.  B.,                           Hartford. 

Crane,  Mrs.  J.  J.,                           New  Haven. 

Davenport,  Miss  E.  W ,         .         .  New  Haven. 

Dexter,  Prof.  F.  B., New  Haven. 

Eaton,  Mr.  D.  Cady, New  Haven. 

Farnum,  Mrs.  Henry, New  Haven. 

Goodwin,  Mr.  James  G., Hartford. 

Hubbell,  Miss  Elizabeth Hartford. 

Howard,  Hon.  James  L.,     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  Hartford. 

Hillhouse,  Miss  I., ....  New  Haven. 

Johnson,  Mrs.  C.  F., Hartford. 

Keney,  Mr.  Walter Hartford. 

fKetchum,  Mrs.  T., New  Haven. 

j-Munger,  Mrs.  T.  T., New  Haven. 

Munger,  Miss  Rose, New  Haven. 

McKim,  Mrs.  H., New  Haven. 

Perkins.  Mrs.  Edward  H., Hartford. 

*  This  lady  was  one  hundred  years  old,  May  5,  1887.  t  Deceased. 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  35 

Perkins,  Miss  Mabel, Hartford. 

Perkins,  Edward  Carter Hartford. 

Perkins,  Henry  Augustus, Hartford. 

Ripley,  Mrs.  Sarah Hartford. 

Trowbridge,  Mrs.  T.  R., New  Haven. 

Walker,  Mrs.  George  Leon,         ....  Hartford 


LIFE  MEMBERS. 

CONSTITUTED  SUCH  BY  THE  PAYMENT  OF  TEN  DOLLARS. 

Adam,  Miss  S.  W Canaan. 

Bacon,  Mrs.  Francis,  New  Haven. 

Boardman,  Mrs.  W.  W  , New  Haven. 

Baldwin,  Prof.  S.  E., New  Haven. 

Bishop,  Dr.  E.  H., New  Haven. 

Bushnell,  Mrs.  Horace Hartford. 

Colt,  Mrs.  Samuel, Hartford. 

Cooley,  Mrs.  Francis  B.,     .  ....         Hartford. 

Curtiss,  Mrs.  Homer,  Sr., Meriden. 

Catlin,  Mrs.  W.  H.,  Meriden. 

Cheney,  Mrs.  Frank,  Hartford. 

Davenport,  Miss  E.  W New  Haven. 

Day,  Mrs.  John  C  , Harttord. 

Deming,  Miss  Clarissa  B.,    .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .        Litchfield. 

Edwards,  Mrs.  Jonathan,      .........   N'ew  Haven. 

Farnum,  Mrs.  George  15.,     .........  New  Haven. 

Farnum,  Mrs.  Henry, New  Haven. 

Fitch,  Mrs.  Wm., New  Haven. 

Friend,  A, >.-...  New  Haven. 

Gibbons,  Mrs.  T.  P., New  Haven. 

Harrison,  Hon.  H.  B  , New  Haven. 

Harris,  Mrs.  Samuel, New  Haven. 

Harris,  Mrs.  J.  N.,       .........          New  London. 

Hooker,  Mrs.  Worthington, .  New  Haven. 

j-Hooker,  Dr.  A.  E., New  Haven. 

Hotchkiss,  Mr.  Justus, .         .  New  Haven. 

Ives,  Miss  M.  E., New  Haven. 

Kingsbury,  Mrs.  F.  J., Waterbury. 

Miner,  Mrs.  Sidney New  London. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Moseley,  Mr.  S.  H.  

.  New  Haven. 
New  London. 

Norton   Mrs   H    B                                           ..... 

Norwich. 

Porter,  Miss  Sarah,      .         
Raynolds,  Mrs.  M.  G  ,         

.    Farmington. 
.  New  Haven. 

Reed   Mrs.  E.  C.,        

.  New  Haven. 

fRipley,  MissjM.  L  
Robertson,  Mrs.  J.  B.,          
Sheffield,  Mrs.  Joseph  E  
Shipman,  Mrs.  Nathaniel.    
Sterling   Mrs   Edward,         ....-.•• 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Bridgeport. 

Sterling   Miss  Emma  P                         ...... 

Bridgeport. 

Stowe    Mrs   T  P 

Meriden. 

Skinner,  Miss  M.  L.,            
Smith,  Mrs.  Charles  B.  
Thomson,  Mrs.  S.  C.  B.,     
Thompson,  Mrs.  M.  B.,       
Thurston,  Mr.  Wm.  R.,        
Thurston,  Miss  Anna  Day,           
Trowbridge,  Mrs.  Thomas  R.  
Van  Winkle,  Miss  M.  D.,            
Wayland   Mrs   Francis,        .                  ...                  .         . 

.  New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
.      New  York. 
.      New  York. 
.  New  Haven. 
Litchfield. 
.  New  Haven. 

Way  land,  Judge  Francis,     
fWells,  Miss  Mary  
Welles   Mrs  Daniel 

.  New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford 

Wheedon   Miss  S    H                                                         . 

New  Haven. 

Wheeler,  Mrs.  J.  H.,           
Williams,  Miss  L.  L  

Litchfield. 
.      New  York. 

ANNUAL  SUBSCRIBERS. 

Abbe,  Mrs.  B.  R.,        
Abbott,  Miss  Mary  M.,          
Abbott,  Mrs.  Wm.,       
Abbott,  Mrs.  Wm.  G  
Adam,  Mrs.  H.  M.,      
Adam,  Mrs.  Mary  G.,            ....... 
Adam,  Miss  Sarah  W  
Adams,  Mrs   Chester,            ....... 
Allen,  Mrs.  Walter,      

Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
Passaic,  N.  Y. 
Hartford. 
Canaan. 
Canaan. 
Canaan. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 

t  Deceased. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Allen,  Mrs.  B.  R., 
Allen,  Mrs.  H.  B., 
Allen,  Mrs.  John, 
Anderson,  Mrs.  Joseph, 
Andrews,  Mrs.  Myron  A  ,      . 
Andrews,  Miss  Mamie, 
Arnold,  Mrs.  E.  H.,    . 
Arnold,  Miss  Addie  S  , 
Atkinson,  Miss  M.  Emma,    . 
Atwater,  Mrs.  E.  E.,    . 
Atwater,  Mrs.  H.  J.,    . 
Atwater,  Mrs.  W.  J.,   . 
Augur,  Mrs.  C.  P., 
Augur,  Miss  M.  M.,    . 
Austin,  Mrs.  E.  A.,      . 
Avery,  Mrs.  G.  W.,      . 
Averill,  Mrs.  Betsey,    . 
Bacon,  Mrs., 
Bacon,  Miss  Louise,     . 
Bailey,  Miss  T.,  .          . 

Baker,  Mrs.  Wm.  E., 
Baldwin,  Miss  M.  E., 
Bancroft,  Miss  Edith, 
Barbour,  Miss  Daisy  F., 
Barbour,  Mrs.  Lucius, 
Barbour,  Miss  Lucy  A., 
Barnes,  Miss  Annie  L., 
Barnes,  Miss  Clara, 
Barnes,  Mrs.  Elizabeth, 
Barnes,  Mrs.  E.  H.,     . 
Barnes,  Miss  Hattie,    . 
Barnet,  Mrs.  Mary,      . 
Barnum,  Mrs.  S.  H.,   . 
Bartlett,  Miss  S.  A.,     . 
Batterson,  Mrs.  J.  G., 
Bayliss,  Mrs.  Fannie,  . 
Beach,  Mrs.  C.  C.,       . 
Beach,  Mrs.  G.  W., 
Bean,  Mrs.  S.  B., 
Beckley,  Mrs.  W.  A., 
Beecher,  Mrs.  E.  B.,    . 
Beers,  Mrs.  J.,    . 
Belden,  Mrs.  Harriet, 


Hartford. 
West  Han  ford. 

Hartford. 
Walerbury. 
West  Hartford. 
.  New  Britain. 
West  Hartford. 
West  Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford 

New  Preston. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

California. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

.     Southington. 

.    New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

.    New  Haven. 

.   New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Guilford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
Litchfield. 


THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Bencher,  Miss  Mary  A  , 
Benedict,  Mrs.  F.  W.( 
Benedict,  Miss  S.  M., 
Benedict,  Mrs.  H.  H., 
Benjamin,  Miss  Mary, 
Bennett,  Mrs.  Bessie,  . 
Bennett,  Mrs.  S.  A.,    . 
Bennett,  Mrs.  L.  T.,    . 
Bennett,  Mrs.  Thomas, 
Bennett,  Mrs.  T.  G.,    . 
Bigelow,  Mrs.  H.  B  , 
Bigelow,  Mrs.  F.  L.,    . 
Bill,  Mrs.  Curtis  H.,     . 
Billard,  Mrs.  J.  L.,       . 
Billings,  Mrs.  C.  K.,    . 
Bissell,  Mrs.  L.  P.,       . 
Bissell,  Miss  Mamie,    . 
Blake,  Mrs.  Henry,      . 
Bogardus,  Mrs.  H.  M  , 
Bolter,  Miss  Alice, 
Booth,  Mrs.  Wm.  T., 
Bowen,  Mrs.  M.  M., 
Bradin,  Mrs.  J.  W.,      . 
Bradley,  Miss  E., 
Bradley,  Mr.  Henry,    . 
Bradley,  Miss  Anna,    . 

Breed,  Miss , 

Brewer,  Mrs.  W.  H.,  . 
Bridgman,  Mrs.  Federal, 
Briggs,  Mrs.  Charles  H., 
Brinley,  Miss  Nellie,    . 
Bronson,  Mrs.  S.  L.,    . 
Brown,  Miss  Annie,     . 
Brown,  Miss  Belle  E., 
Brown,  Mrs.  Hannah, 
Brown,  Miss  Helen,    . 
Brown,  Miss  Emma,    . 
Brown,  Miss  Lillie, 
Brown,  Mrs.  Robert,   . 
Brush,  Mrs.  G.  J., 
Bryan,  Mrs.  Scott, 
Buck,  Mrs.  John  R.     . 


Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

.    New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

Guilford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
Bridgeport. 

Meriden. 

.    New  Haven. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
West  Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Canaan. 

Newinglon. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    Wethersfield. 

Hartford. 

Guilford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 
Bloomfield. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Hartford. 


THE    CONNECTICUT    INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Buell,  Miss  Minnie, 
Bulkeley,  Mrs.  G.  L., 
Bull,  Mrs.  A.  B., 
Bullock,  Miss  Lillie,    . 
Bunce,  Mrs.  F.  M., 
Burbank,  Miss  Julia, 
Burbank,  Miss  Katherine, 
Burnham,  Mrs   Dayton, 
Burnham,  Mrs.  M.  B., 
Burnham,  Miss  Julie,   . 
Burr,  Miss  Mary, 
Burr,  Miss  F.  E., 
Burr,  Mrs.  W.  O., 
Burrall,  Mrs   Chatles  W.,     . 
Burton,  Mrs.  J.  H., 
Burton,  Mrs.  N.  J., 
Butler,  Miss  Hattie, 
Butler,  Mrs.  Joel, 
Butler,  Mrs.  F.  G.,       . 

Butler,  Miss  Julia  A.,  . 
Butler,  Mrs.  J.  S., 

Bulterfield,  Miss  Fannie, 

Cady,  Mrs.  S.  L., 

Camp,  Miss  C.  E., 

Camp,  Mrs,  Ellery,      . 

Camp,  Mrs.  Hiram, 

Camp.  Miss  K.  C., 

Camp,  Mrs.  Ophelia,    . 

Candee,  Mrs.  Susan,    . 

Cannon,  Mrs.  F.  C.,     . 

Carew,  Miss  Mary, 

Case,  Miss  Ellen, 

Castle,  Mrs.  F.  E.,       . 

Catlin,  Mrs.  Abijah,     . 

Catlin,  Mrs.  W.  H  ,     . 

Chamberlin,  Mrs.  Franklin,  . 

Champion,  Mrs   S.  E., 

Chandler,  Mrs.  W.  E., 

Chapin,  Mrs.  C.  F.,      . 

Chapin,  Miss  Lydia  J., 

Chaplain,  Miss  F.  E., 

Chapman,  Mrs.  Chas., 


.        Litchfield. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
New  Preston. 
Hartford. 
Hartford- 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Meriden. 
West  Hartford. 
West  Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Canaan. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
Hartford. 
Meriden. 
Hanford. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Waterbury. 
Springfield,  Mass. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 


4" 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Chapman,  Mrs.  Eliza, 

Chase,  Mrs.  A.  S., 

Chase,  Mrs.  George  L., 

Chatfield,  Mrs.  Philo, 

Child,  Mrs.  E.  P., 

Chittenden,  Miss  L.  D., 

Clapp,  Mrs.  C.  W.,      . 

Clark,  Mrs.  Charles  Hopkins, 

Clark,  Mrs.  E.  D., 

Clark,  Mrs.  C.  P., 

Clark,  Mrs.  Edmond  G., 

Clark,  Mrs.  E.  L.,       . 

Clark,  Mrs.  H.  D.,       . 

Clark,  Miss  Harriet  E., 

Clark,  Miss  Susan, 

Clark,  Mrs.  Wm.  B  ,    . 

Clarke,  Miss  Alice,      . 

Clarke,  Miss  Charlotte, 

Coan,  Mrs.  Lydia, 

Coe,  Mrs.  C.  C., 

Coit,  Mrs.  George, 
Coit,  Mrs.  George  D., 
Coit,  Mrs.  Henry  R.,   . 
Coit,  Miss  Kate, 
Collins,  Mrs.  David,    . 
Collins,  Miss  C.  E.,     . 
Collins,  Miss  M.  F.,     . 
Collins,  Mrs.  Wm.  Erastus,  . 
Colton,  Miss  Lillian,    . 
Colvocorresses,  Mrs.  George, 
Cone,  Mrs.  James  B.,  . 
Cone,  Mrs.  Joseph  H., 

Converse,  Mrs. , 

Cook,  Mrs.  Adiu, 
Cook,  Miss  Mary  E.,  . 
Cooke,  Miss  Annie  E., 
Cooke,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  . 
Cooley,  Mrs.  F.  P.,  . 
Cooley,  Miss  Sarah,  . 
Cooley,  Mrs.  J.  R.,  . 

Corbit,  Mrs.  J 

Corwin,  Miss  Edith,     . 


Guilford. 
.  Waterbury. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Litchfield. 

Guilford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Litchfield. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
Guilford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

Norwich. 
Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Windsor  Locks. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Norwich. 
Waterbury. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  Canaan* 

Hartford. 


THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Corwin,  Miss  Marie,     

Hartford. 

Couch,  Mrs.  Robert  T., 

....    New  Haven. 

Cruttenden,  Mrs.  George, 

.    New  Haven. 

Cummings,  Mrs.  P.  C., 

Canaan  . 

Curtis,  Mrs.  G.  W., 

.    New  Haven. 

Curtiss,  Mrs.  Homer,    Sr., 

Meriden. 

Daggett,  Miss  E.  H., 

.    New  Haven. 

Daggett,  Miss  Susan,   .          .          . 

.    New  Haven. 

Dana,  Mrs.  J.  D., 

.    New  Haven. 

Daniels,  Mrs.  A.  M.,   . 

Hartford. 

Davenport,  Miss  Elizabeth, 

.    New  Haven. 

Davenport,  Mrs.  J.  G., 
Davies,  Mrs.  John,       .... 

Waterbury. 
Norwich. 

Day,  Miss  Caroline  E., 

Hartford. 

Day,  Mrs.  George  E., 

.    New  Haven. 

Day,  Mrs.  H.  M.,         

.    New  Haven. 

Day,  Mrs.  J.  C., 

Hartford. 

Day,  Mrs.  Wilbur  

.    New  Haven. 

DeForest,  Mrs.  A.  W., 

N       H 

DeForest,  Mrs.  C.  S., 

.    New  Haven. 

Deming,  Miss  Clarissa  B  ,     . 

Litchfield. 

Deming,  Mrs.  T.  L.,    

.   New  Haven. 

Deming,  Mrs.  Wm.,      ..... 

Litchfield. 

Dewell,  Mrs.  James  D., 

.   New  Haven. 

Dewell,  Mrs.  John,      

.    New  Haven. 

Dewell,  Mrs.  J.  K.,      

.    New  Haven. 

Dexter,  Mrs.  F.  B.,      

.    New  Haven. 

Dickerman,  Mrs.,         ..... 

.    New  Haven. 

Dickerman,  Mrs.  Elias,          .... 

.    New  Haven. 

Dickerman,  Mrs.  George,      .... 

.    New  Haven. 

Dickerman,  Miss  M.  S., 

.   New  Haven. 

Dodd,  Mrs.  W.  H.,      

Hartford. 

Donaldson,  Mrs.  Thomas,     .... 

Waterbury. 

Driggs,  Mrs.  T.  I.,       

Waterbury. 

Driggs,  Miss  Martha  S., 

Waterbury. 

DuHois,  Mrs.  A.  J  

.    New  Haven. 

Dudley,  Miss  Kate  M., 

Guilford. 

Dunning,  Mrs.  A.  O'B  , 

Canaan. 

Dutton,  Mrs.  S.  T.,      

.    New  Haven. 

Dwight,  Mrs.  T.,         

.   New  Haven. 

Dyes,  Miss  Pauline,     ..... 

Hartford. 

Eaton,  Mrs.  W.  H  

.   New  Haven. 

Eaton,  Miss  Gracie  J.,            .... 

Hartford. 

THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Eddy,  Mrs.  F.  C., 
Eddy,  Miss  S.  A., 
Elliot,  Mrs.  E., 
Elliott,  Mrs.  R., 
Elliott,  Mrs.  Wm.,       . 
Ellsworth,  Miss  M.  A., 
Elton,  Mrs.  James  S., 
Ely,  Miss  Charlotte,     . 
English,  Mrs.  Edwin, 
English,  Miss  Lillie,     . 
Ensign,  Mrs.  T.  L.,     . 
Enswoith,  Miss  Nettie, 
Fabrique,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Farnam,  Mrs.  G.  B.,    . 
Fellowes,  Mrs.  James, 
Ferguson,  Mrs.  Henry, 
Field,  Mrs.  A.  D., 
Fifield,  Mrs.  A.  B.,      . 
Fisher,  Miss  Edith,      . 
Fitch,  Mrs.  E.  T., 
Fitch,  Miss  Ina, 
Fitch,  Miss  Georgie,    . 
Fitch,  Mrs.  J.  T., 
Flagg,  Mrs.  Augusta  S., 
Flagg,  Mrs.  E.  A., 
Foote,  Miss  Kate, 
Foote,  Mrs.  Sherman,  . 
Foster,  Mrs.  Frederick  R.,    . 
Fowler,  Mrs.  H.  E.,    . 
Fowler,  Miss  Annette  A., 
Ford,  Mrs.  George  H., 
Francis,  Miss  Bessie,    . 
Francis,  Mrs.  U.  G.,     . 
Francis,  Mrs.  Wm., 
Franklin,  Mrs.  Wm.  B., 
Freeman,  Mrs.  S.  S.,    . 
Gage,  Mrs.  W.  L., 
Gale,  Mrs.  Charles,      . 
Galpin,  Mrs.  S.  A.,      . 
Gardner,  Mrs.  J., 
Gaskell.  Miss  Ida  E., 
Carton,  Mrs.  J.  V.,       . 
Gates,  Mrs.  Howard  E., 


Canaan. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Guilford. 
West  Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
.   New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Canaan. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
West  Hartford. 
West  Hartford. 
Guilford. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Guilford. 
Guilford. 
.    New  Haven. 
Newington. 
West  Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Canaan. 
Hartford. 
Norwich. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Meriden. 
Litchfield. 


THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 


43 


Gates,  Mrs.  L.  C., 

Gaylord,  Miss, 

Gesner,  Mrs.  Wm., 

Gibbons,  Mrs.  T.  P., 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  S.  D.,      . 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  F.  P.,      . 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  C.  E.,     . 

Gilbert,  Miss  L.  P.,      . 

Gillette,  Mrs.  Mary,     . 

Gilman,  Miss  M.  P  ,    . 

Gladwin,  Mrs   Sydney, 
.Goldthwait,  Miss  Charlotte, 

Goldthwaite,  Miss  Jane, 

Goodrich,  Mrs.  Charles, 

Goodwin,  Miss  Mary  E., 

Gordon,  Miss  C., 

Graves,  Mrs.  Aletha,    . 

Graves,  Miss  Eliza, 
Graves,  Miss  Nannie,    . 
Gray,  Miss  Ellen  W., 
Gray,  Mrs.  C.,     . 
Greene,  Mrs.  Gardiner, 
Griffing,  Mrs.  J.  S., 
Gridley,  Mrs.  M.  T.,   . 
Griswold,  Miss  Jennie, 
Griswold,  Mrs.  Wm.,   . 
Hadley,  Mrs.  J.  D.,      . 
Hague,  Miss  Ida, 
Haight,  Miss  J., 
Hale,  Mrs.  C.  B.,     .    . 
Hall,  Mrs.  A.  P., 
Hall,  Miss  Mary, 
Hall,  Mrs.  Nelson, 
Hall,  Mrs.  T.  S., 
Hamersley,  Miss  Elizabeth,  . 
Hamilton,  Miss  Mary  W., 
Hanmer,  Miss  Daisy,    . 
Harrison,  Mrs.  M.  E., 
Hart,  Mrs.  F.  E  , 
Haskell,  Miss  N.  G  ,    . 
Hatch,  Miss  Bessie, 
Haviland,  Mrs.  J.  1)., 
Hay  den,  Mrs.  H.  R.,  . 


Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Canaan. 
Norwich. 
Hartford. 
Hartford . 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Norwich. 
Guilford. 
Guilford. 
Guilford. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
Norwich. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
Wethersfield. 
Meriden. 
.   New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 
.   New  Haven. 
Guilford. 
Hartford. 
.   New  Haven. 
Meriden. 
Hartford. 
West  Hartford. 
Burnside. 
Hartford. 
.    New  Haven. 
Norwich. 

.  Springfield,  Mass. 
Norwich. 
Hartford. 


II 


THE   CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Hemingway,  Mrs.  Win., 
Hendee,  Mi<s  H., 
Hennay,  Mrs.  J.,  Jr., 
Henri ck,  Miss  Mary, 
Hickox,  Mrs.  George  A  , 
Hill,  Mrs.  Oilman  C, 
Hillhouse,  Mrs.  Wm., 
Hills,  Miss  Grace, 
Hills,  Miss  Nettie,       . 
Hinman,  Mrs.  F.  E., 
Hinman,  Miss  Julia, 
Hinsdale,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Holbrook,  Miss  H.  S., 
Holcombe,  Mrs.  John  M., 
Holden,  Miss  Caroline, 
Holmes,  Mrs.  Joseph, 
Holt,  Mrs.  A.  S., 
Hooker,  Mrs.  B.  E.,     . 
Hooker,  Mrs.  Thomas, 
Hopkins,  Miss  Annie  E., 
Hoppin,  Mrs.  J.  M.,     . 
Hotchkiss,  Mrs.  A.  S., 
Hotchkiss,  Mrs.  B.,      . 
Hotchkiss,  Mrs.  H.,     . 
Hotchkiss,  Mrs.  Justus, 
Hotchkiss,  Mrs.  P.,      . 
Houston,  Miss, 
Howard,  Miss  Elizabeth, 
Howard,  Miss  Julie, 
Howard,  Miss  Edith,   . 
Howard,  Mrs.  J.  N.,    . 
Howe,  Miss  M.  A.,      . 
Howe,  Mrs.  S.  H.,       . 
Hubbard,  Miss  Annabella, 
Hubbard,  Miss  Carrie, 
Hubbard,  Mrs.  John,   . 
Hubbell,  Miss  Elizabeth, 
Hulett,  Miss  Lydia  M., 
Hull,  Miss, 

Humiston,  Mrs.  Harmon, 
Humiston,  Miss  Julia, 
Humiston,  Mrs.  Maria, 
Hunt,  Miss  Kate  E.,    . 


Meriden. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Oregon. 

Litchfield. 

Waterbury. 

.    New  Haven. 

Plainville. 

Plainville. 

Meriden. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Meriden. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

Norwich. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

.   New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Norwich. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

West  Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

.    Port  Huron,  Mich. 

Hartford. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Guilford. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


45 


Hunt,  Miss  Lucy, 
Hunt,  Miss  Martha,     . 
Huntington,  Miss  Sarah, 
Huntington,  Miss  S.  L., 
Ives,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Ives,  Mrs.  Frederick, 
Ives,  Miss  M.  A., 
Ives,  Miss  M.  E., 
Ives,  Mrs.  W.  A., 
Ives,  Dr.  Robert, 
Jackson,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Jarvis,  Mrs.  G.  C., 
Jenkins,  Mrs.  E.  H.,    . 
Jewell,  Mrs.  C.  A.,       . 
Jewell,  Miss  Charlotte, 
Jewell,  Mrs.  Pliny,       . 
Johnson,  Mrs.  C.  F.,     . 
Johnson,  Miss, 
Johnstone,  Miss  M.  S., 
Johnstone,  Mrs.  Y., 
Joslyn,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Keep,  Mrs.  Robert  P., 
Kenney,  Mrs.  George, 
Keller,  Mrs.  George, 
Kellogg,  Mrs., 
Kellogg,  Mrs.  George, 
Kellogg,  Miss  Jane  B., 
Keyes,  Mrs.  M.  A., 
Kidder,  Mrs.  B.  F., 
Kimball,  Mrs  J.  C., 
Kingsbury,  Mrs.  Frederick  J., 
Kingsbury,  Miss  Edith, 
Kingsley,  Miss  E.  U., 
King,  Mrs.  S.  J., 
Kinney,  Mrs.  J.  C., 
Kitchell,  Mrs., 
Klock,  Mrs.  J.  H.,       . 
Knox,  Miss  Fanny  B., 
Ladd,  Mrs.  G.  T., 
Landon,  Mrs.  Thomas, 
Lane,  Mrs.  George  W., 
Lambert,  Miss  J., 
Lathrop,  Miss  Helen  M., 


Hartford. 

Guilford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

Litch  field. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Waterbury. 

Waterbury. 

New  Haven. 

Norwich. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Norwich . 

New  Haven. 

Norwich. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Law,  Miss  Minnie, 
Law,  Mrs.  W.  B., 
Lawrence,  Mrs.  C.  H  , 
Lee,  Mrs.  Esther, 
Leete,  Mrs.  C.  S., 
Leete,  Miss  Hattie  C., 
Leete,  Miss  Ida, 
Leete,  Mrs.  Sydney, 
Leete,  Miss  Sylvia  F., 
Lester,  Mrs.  T., 
Loomis,  Mrs.  G.  W., 
Love,  Miss  Mary  H., 
Lowe,  Mrs.  R.  A., 
Lyman,  Mrs.  Theodore, 
Lynch,  Miss  Mary  E., 
Marsh,  Miss  Mary  B., 
Marsh,  Miss  Laura  L  , 
Marsden,  Mrs.  S.  L., 
Marshall,  Miss  Edith  II., 
Marvin,  Mrs.  G.  P.,     . 
Mathews,  Mrs.  S.  L., 
Matson,  Mrs.  W.  L., 
M'Clellan,  Mrs.  M.  C., 
M'Gee,  Mrs.  M.  E., 
M'Graw,  Mrs.  G.  H., 
M'Lean,  Mrs.  Allen, 
M'Laughlin,  Mrs.  D.  T., 
M'Neil,  Miss  Annie, 
M'Neil,  Miss  Mary, 
M'Queen,  Mrs.  T.  B., 
Mead,  Mrs.  Linus, 
Merriam,  Mrs.  George  C  , 
Merriam,  Mrs.  Sarah  M., 
Merriman,  Miss  Sarah, 
Mersick,  Mrs.  C.  S., 
Mersick,  Mrs.  E  F., 
Merwin,  Mrs.  Smith, 
Merwin,  Mrs.  S.  J.  M., 
Merwin,  Mrs.  T.  P.,    . 
Micou,  Mrs.  R.  W.,     . 
Miller,  Miss  Julia, 
Miller,  Mrs.  D.  Henry, 
Mills,  Miss  Florence, 


.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Meriden . 
.  New  Haven. 

Guilford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Guilford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 
Waterbury. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  '  Hartford. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 
.  New  Haven. 
.  New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Guilford. 

Meriden. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Lkchfield. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Meriden. 

Meriden. 

Waterbury. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Waterbury. 

.    New  Haven. 

Norwich. 

Hartford. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


»7 


Miner,  Miss  Mary  F., 
Mitchell,  Mrs.  C.  E., 
Mix,  Miss  Eliza  F., 
Moore,  Miss  M., 
Morris,  Mrs.  J.  E., 
Morrow,  Mrs.  J.  H., 
Moseley,  Mrs.  W.  H., 
Mosely,  Mrs.  L.  H.,     . 
Mulock,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Multhrop,  Mrs.  William, 
Mungei,  Miss  R.  M., 
Munn,  Mrs.  M.  S., 
Munson,  Mrs.  E.  A.,    . 
Munson,  Mrs.  Henry, 
Munson,  Miss  Mary,    . 
Markwick,  Mrs.  W.T., 
Murray,  Mrs.  C.  E.,     . 
Murray,  Miss  Lucy, 
Neal,  Miss  Fannie, 
Newberry,  Mrs.  J.  S. , 
Newton,  Miss,    . 
Newton,  Miss  Ella,      . 
Newton,  Mrs.  H.  A., 
Ney,  Mrs.  John  M.,     . 
Nichols,  Miss,     . 
Northrop,  Mrs.  B.  F., 
Norton,  Miss  Ella  M  , 
Norton,  Miss  E.  F.,     . 
Norton,  Miss  S.  P.,      . 
North,  Miss  Susan, 
Noyes,  Miss  Flora  L., 
O'Connell,  Miss  Katie, 
Olmstead,  Mrs.  John,  . 
Olmstead,  Miss  Maiy, 
Olmstead,  Miss  Jessie, 
Orton,  Miss, 
Osborne,  Mrs.  A.  D.,  . 
Osborne,  Mrs.  L.  E.,    . 
Page,  Miss  A.  W., 
Page,  Mrs.  C.  R., 
Palmer,  Mrs.  W.  H.,    . 
Palmer,  Mrs.  Wm.  S., 
Pardee,  Miss  R.  G  ,      . 


New  London. 
New  Britain. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Waterbury. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
Guilford. 
Meriden. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
Southington. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Norwich. 
Norwich. 
Canaan. 
New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Litchfield. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Hartford. 
Norwich. 
New  Haven. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Pardee.  Mrs   A.  G.,      . 
Parker,  Miss  A., 
Parker,  Mrs.  Jared  P., 
Parker,  Miss  Julie, 
Parks,  Miss  Edith, 
Parmelee,  Mrs.  H.  S., 
Paulison,  Mrs.  J.  C.,     . 
Payne,  Mrs.  J.  M.,       . 
Peck,  Mrs.  John, 
Peck,  Miss  H.  E  , 
Peck,  Miss  Katherine  L., 
Peet,  Mrs.  M.  A., 
Pelton,  Miss  Edith,      . 
Pelton,  Mrs.  W.  N.,     . 
Peirce,  Mrs.  A. 
Perkins,  Mrs   Edward  H  , 
Perkins,  Mrs.  Eunice, 
Perkins,  Mrs.  George  C., 
Perkins,  Mrs.  J.  Deming, 
Phelps,  Miss  A.  R..     . 
Pierce,  Miss  Alice, 
Pierce,  Mrs.  Moses, 
Pitkin,  Mrs.  A.  H.,      . 
Pitkin,  Mrs.  N.  T.,       . 
Pope,  Mrs.  M.  F., 
Porter,  The  Misses,      . 
Porter,  Miss  Sarah, 
Porter,  Miss  Alice, 
Porter,  Mrs.  Joseph,      . 
Porter,  Mrs.  Ruth, 
Post,  Mrs.  W.  H  , 
Pratt,  Miss  Hattie, 
Pratt,  Mrs.  Llewellyn, 
Pritchard,  Miss  E.  M., 
Prudden,  Miss,    . 
Punderson,  Miss, 
Quincy,  Miss  M.  P.,    . 
Ratchford,  Miss  Mary  K  , 
Rathbun,  Miss  Helen, 
Ray,  Miss  Clara  F.,      . 
Raynolds,  Mrs.  E.  V., 
Reed,  Mrs.  John, 
Rice,  Miss  L  , 


.    New  Haven 

.    New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Vernon. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

West  Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Waterbury. 

Canaan. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Canaan. 

Hartford. 

Meriden. 

Hartford. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Farmington. 

Meriden. 

.    New  Haven. 

Waterbury. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Norwich. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Litchfield. 

.    New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

.    New  Haven. 


THE    CONNKCTICl.'T    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


49 


Rice,  Mrs.  Fred.  B.,     .                    

.       Waterbury. 

Rice,  Mrs.  R.  E.,         

.    New  Haven. 

Richards,  Miss  Annie,            ...... 

Litchfield. 

Richards,  Mrs.  George,          ...... 

Litchfield. 

Robbins,  Miss  Annie  C.,        ...... 

.    Wethersfield. 

Roberts,  Miss  Annie,    ....... 

Litchfield. 

Roberts,  Mrs.  E.  G.,     

Litchfield. 

Roberts,  Mrs.  L.  T.,     . 

West  Hartford. 

Roberts,  Mrs   George,  Jr., 

Hartford. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  C.  A.,            ...... 

Hartford. 

Rodman,  Mrs.  A.  G.  P., 

.    New  Haven. 

Rogers,  Mrs.  Henry,    ....... 

.   New  Haven. 

Root,  Miss  L.,     .          .          .          .          .          .          .          . 

Hartford. 

Rose,  Miss  Arabella,    ....... 

Granville,  Ma^s. 

Rowland,  Mrs.  A.  E., 

.    New  Haven. 

Rowland,  Mrs.  Edmund, 

Waterbury. 

Rowland,  Miss  Florence, 

.   New  Haven. 

Russ,  Mrs.  C.  J.,           

Hartford. 

Russ,  Mrs.  C.  T.,         

Hartford. 

Russell,  Mrs.  F.  W.,    

Hartford- 

Russell,  Miss  Martha,            ...... 

Guilford. 

Russell,  Mrs.  T.  W.,    

Hartford. 

Salisbury,  Mrs.  E.  E.,            

.    New  Haven. 

Sanderson,  Mrs.  S.  A., 

.   New  Haven. 

Sanford   Mrs   CEP 

New  Haven. 

Sanford,  Mrs.  L.  J.,      . 

.    New  Haven. 

Sanford,  Mrs.  W.  H  ,            

.        Litchfield. 

Seip,  Mrs.  H.  W., 

Meriden. 

Sawyer,  Mrs.  George, 

Hartford. 

Scoville,  Mrs.  E.  J  

Meriden. 

Scranton,  Mrs.  Harriet, 

.    New  Haven. 

Scranton,  Miss  M.  E., 

.   New  Haven. 

Sears,  Mrs.  W.  H.,      . 

.   New  Haven. 

Sedgwick,  Mrs.  Theodore,    . 

Litchfield. 

Seymour,  Mrs.  Origen  S.,      ....•• 

Litchfield. 

Seymour,  Mrs.  S.  O.,   . 

Hartford. 

Sheldon,  Mrs.  Charles  A.,     .          .          . 

.    New  Haven. 

Shelton,  Miss  Mabel,   . 

Hartford. 

Shepard,  Miss  Mary  H  , 

Guilford. 

Sheperd,  Mrs.  George, 

Hartford. 

Shepherd,  Mrs.  William,       
Shinman.  Miss  Marv.                                 •        .  • 

.    New  Haven. 
.    New  Haven. 

5" 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Shipman,  Mrs.  Nathaniel,      ..... 

Hartford. 

Shumway,  Mrs.  F.  M., 

.        Litchfield. 

Sisson,  Miss  Meida,                 ..... 

Hartford. 

Sisson,  Mrs.  Thomas,              ..... 

Hartford. 

Sisson,  Mrs.  E.  J., 

West  Hartford. 

Skinner,  Miss  M.  DeF.,         

•  .    New  Haven. 

Skinner,  Mrs.  William,          .          .                    .          . 

Guilford. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Fred  Sumner, 

West  Hartford. 

Smith,  Miss  Cornelia,              .           .                     , 

Litchfield. 

Smith,  Mrs.  C.  B.,        

Hartford. 

Smith,  Mrs.  C.  H.  . 

Hartford. 

Smith,  Mrs.  George  Williamson 

Hartford. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Guilford,              ..... 

.      South  Windham. 

Smith,  Mrs.  T.,             

.    New  Haven. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Joseph,      .          . 

Meriden. 

Smith,  Miss  Lizzie, 

Hartford. 

Smith,  Mrs.  M.  M.,      . 

Unionville. 

Smith,  Mrs.  R.  E.,       

Waterbury. 

Smythe,  Mrs.  Newman,         ..... 

.    New  Haven. 

Swezy,  Mrs.  M.  C., 

New  Haven. 

Spalding,  Miss  Clara, 

.    New  Britain. 

Sooter,  Miss  H., 

Hartford. 

Spencer,  Miss  Mary  C., 

Hartford. 

Sperry,  Mrs.  H.  T.,      . 

Hartford. 

Sperry,  Miss  Helen,      . 

Hartford. 

Sperry,  Mrs.  Mary  E., 

.    New  Haven. 

Sperry.  MISS  Ophelia,             .          :      •    .          . 

,         .       Waterbury. 

Sprague,  Mrs.  Joseph, 

Hartford. 

Squires,  Mrs.  William, 

.    New  Haven. 

Starr,  Miss  Elsie,          

Newington. 

Starr,  Mrs.  F.  R., 

Litchfield. 

Starr,  Mrs.  Pierre,        ..... 

Hartford. 

Starr,  Miss  Hannah, 

.    New  Haven. 

Stearns,  Mrs.  C.  C.,                ... 

Hartford. 

Stearns,  Mrs.  H.  P., 

Hartford. 

Stevens,  Mrs.  G.  B., 

.    New  Haven. 

Stevens,  Mrs.  S.  A.,               ... 

.    Xew  Haven. 

Stiles,  Miss, 

.    New  Haven. 

St.  John,  Miss  L.,         

Hartford. 

Stocking,  Mrs.  Charles  L.,     . 

Waterbury. 

Stoeckel,  Miss,  ..... 

New  Haven. 

Stone,  Mrs.  Alva,         ....... 

I.itchfield. 

THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN    ASSOCIATION. 


Stone,  Mrs.  Edward  C., 
Stone,  Mrs.  G.  F  

Hanford. 

Stowe,  Mrs.  C.  E., 

Hartford. 

Stowe,  Mrs.  J.  P., 
Strong,  Mrs.  M.  E.  C., 
Swain,  Mrs., 

Hartford. 
Mericlen. 
Hartford. 

Sweet,  Miss  Caroline,          *  . 
Symington,  Mrs.  Charles, 
Swift,  Mrs.  Mary  Everett, 
Taintor,  Mrs.  Henry  Ellsworth, 

.    New  Haven. 
Hartford. 
Litchfield.. 
West  Hanford. 
Hartford. 

Taft,  Mrs.  R.  L., 

Taft,  Miss  Kittle, 

• 

Talcott,  Miss  Mary  K., 

Canaan. 
Hartford. 

Talcott,  Mrs.  Seth, 

Hartford. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Edwin  P., 
Thomas,  Miss  C.  L., 

Hanford. 

Thompson,  Mrs.  C.  S., 

.    New  Haven. 

Thompson,  Mrs.  J.  P., 

Norwich. 

Thompson,  Miss  Sarah, 

LitchKeld. 

Thompson,  Mrs.  W.  M., 

Hartford. 

Thorn,  Miss  S., 

.    New  Haven. 

Thorn,  Mrs.  S.  G., 

.    New  Haven. 

Thrall,  Miss  Ida, 

Hanford. 

Tiffany,  Mrs.  E.  Palmer, 

Hartford. 

Tompkins,  Mrs., 

Litchncld. 

Townsend,  Mrs.  G.  D.,          '. 

.   New  Haven. 

Townsend,  Mrs.  W.  K., 

.    New  Haven. 

Townsend,  Mrs.  M.  H., 

.    New  Haven. 

Tracy,  'Mrs.  H.  P., 

Canaan. 

Treadwell,  Mrs.  O.  W., 

.    New  Haven. 

Trowbridge,  Mrs.  E.  H  , 

.    New  Haven. 

Trowbridge,  Mrs.  E.  Hayes, 

.    New  Haven. 

Trowbridge,  Miss  F.  M., 

.    New  Haven. 

Trowbridge,  Mrs.  Henry, 

.    New  Haven. 

Trowbridge,  Mrs.  W.  R    H., 

.    New  Haven. 

Trumbull,  Miss  A.  E., 

Hartford. 

Tweedy,  Mrs.  E.  S., 

Danbury. 

Tweedy,  Miss  Jeannie, 

Dan  bury. 

Twichell,  Mrs.  J.  W., 

Meriden. 

Twining,  Miss  Eliza, 

.    New  Haven. 

Twining,  Miss  J., 

.    New  Haven. 

Twitchell,  Mrs.  J.  E  , 

.    New  Haven. 

THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


Tyler,  Miss  Kate  G., 
Tyler,  Mrs.  M.  F., 
Utley,  Miss  Mary, 
Van  Winkle,  Mis<  Mary  B., 
Vermilye,  Miss  Elizabeth, 
Vermilye,  Miss  Mary, 
Verrill,  Mrs.  A.  E.,      . 
Wainwright,  Miss  Beata, 
Walker,  Mrs.  George  Leon, 
Ward,  Mrs.  A.  M.,       . 
Warner,  Mrs.  A.  L.,     . 
Washburne,  Mrs.  Caroline,    . 
Waterous,  Mrs.  A.  K., 
Watrous,  Mrs   G.  H., 
Watson,  Mrs.  A.  K.,    . 
Webb,  Mrs.  J.  J., 
Webb,  Mrs.  Watson,    . 
Weir,  Miss  Elise  K.,  . 
Welch,  Mrs.  H.  L.,     . 
Welch,  Mrs.  J.  W.,    . 
Weld,  Mrs.  W.  J.,      . 
Wells,  Mrs.  Thomas, 
Welton,  Mrs.  N.  J., 
Wessells,  Mrs.  H.,      . 
Wessells,  Mrs.  Harry, 
Wheeler,  Mrs.  John. 
Wheelock,  Mrs.  J.  R., 
White,  Miss  Bessie,    . 
White,  Mrs.  C.  A., 
White,  Mrs.  John  E., 
White,  Miss  C.  S.,      . 
White,  Miss  Lulu,      . 
White,  Miss  Mary,      . 
Whitehouse,  Miss  Daisy  B., 
Whitman,  Mrs.  H.  A  , 
Whitman,  Mrs.  S.  L., 
Whitman,  Miss  Mary  L., 
Whitmore,  Mrs.  J.  D., 
Whitney,  The  Misses, 
Whitney,  Mrs.  Eli,      . 
Whitney,  Mrs.  Eli,  Jr., 
Whitney,  Mr*.  W.  D., 


Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartlord. 

.    New  Haven. 

Guilford. 

Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

Canaan. 

.    New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Waterbury. 

Hartford. 

.     New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

Waterbury. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Meriden. 

.    New  Haven. 

.     New  Haven. 

Norwich. 

.    New  Haven. 

San  Antonio,  Texas. 

San  Antonio.  Texas. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

West  Hartford. 

West  Hartford. 

.    New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.     New  Haven. 

.    New  Haven. 

.     New  Haven. 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


53 


Willard,  Mrs.  J.  L.,    . 
Williams,  Mrs.  F.  W., 
Williams,  Mrs.  W.  P., 
Williams,  Miss  A.  E., 
Williams,  Miss  Augusta, 
Wills,  Miss  Fannie,    . 
Winchell,  Mrs.  A.  E., 
Wolcolt,  Miss  Alice, 
Woodruff,  Mrs   G.  C., 
Woodruff,  Mrs.  Geo.  M., 
Woodward,  Mrs.  P.  11., 
Woolsey,  Miss  Edith, 
Wright,  Mrs.  A.  W., 


New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Hartford. 

Wethersfield. 

New  Haven. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Litchfield. 

Hartford. 

New  Haven. 

New  Haven. 


54  THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


OHABTEE 

OF   THE 

CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION, 

GRANTED    1887. 


SECTION  i.  Sara  T.  Kinney,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe;  Sarah  A.  Talcott, 
Maria  Louisa  Ripley,  Helen  M.  Post,  Sarah  S.  Cowen,  Anna  W.  Riddle, 
Elizabeth  W.  Davenport,  Clara  E.  Collins,  Mrs.  James  D.  Dana,  Mrs. 
Worthington  Hooker,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Brewer,  Katharine  E.  Hunt,  Martha 
Russell,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Harris,  Sarah  W.  Adam,  Ophelia  R.  Camp,  Elizabeth 
S.  Tweedy,  Jennie  B.  Tweedy,  Lizzie  M.  Davenport,  Mary  Worcester  Bill, 
Rebecca  A.  Sterling,  Mrs.  Homer  Curtiss,  Mrs.  Eunice  Perkins,  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Stowe,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Catlin,  and  such  other  persons  as  shall  be  associated 
with  them,  and  their  successors,  are  hereby  constituted  a  body  politic  and 
corporate  by  the  name  of  The  Connecticut  Indian  Association. 

SEC.  2.  The  object  of  said  corporation  shall  be  to  protect  the  rights 
and  promote  the  education  and  civilization  of  the  Indians  in  this  country, 
with  reference  to  their  full  admission  into  full  citizenship. 

SEC.  3.  Said  corporation  shall  have  power  to  hold,  lease,  rent,  sell, 
and  convey  real  and  personal  estate  for  the  promotion  of  the  objects  of  the 
corporation,  not  to  exceed  in  value  in  the  whole  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars. 

SEC.  4.  The  officers  of  said  corporation  shall  constitute  a  board  of 
trustees,  and  shall  have  charge  of  all  funds  and  property  owned  by  the 
corporation. 

SEC.  5.  All  the  acts  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  a  voluntary, 
unincorporated  association,  which  is  to  be  merged  in  this  corporation,  are 
hereby  made  valid  in  the  same  manner  as  if  said  association  had  from  its 
organization'  been  a  legal  corporation. 

SEC.  6.  The  corporation  shall  have  power  to  adopt  any  proper  by- 
laws for  the  regulation  of  its  affairs. 


THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  55 


CONSTITUTION 

OK   THE 

CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

ADOPTED  JANUARY,  1882. 
AMENDED  JANUARY,  1884,  AND  FEBRUARY,  1887. 


ARTICLE   I. 

NAME. 

This  organization  shall  be  known  as  the  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN  ASSO- 
CIATION, and  shall  represent  in  this  state  the  interests  of  the  national  soci- 
ety known  as  the  Women's  National  Indian  Association. 

ARTICLE   II. 

OBJECT. 

The  two-fold  object  of  this  association  shall  be  :  First,  to  awaken  or 
strengthen  that  public  sentiment  which  shall  aid  our  government  in  its 
adoption  of  a  policy  which,  with  due  regard  to  the  principles  of  equity  and 
justice  involved  in  past  treaties  with  Indian  tribes,  shall,  where  needs  be, 
gradually,  but  surely,  lead  to  the  final  abolition  of  the  reservation  system, 
by  giving  to  Indians  the  same  law,  protection,  education,  and  citizenship  as 
are  enjoyed  by  other  races  among  us.  Second,  by  our  own  educational, 
mission,  and  philanthropic  work  for  and  among  Indians,  to  hasten  as  much 
as  is  in  our  power  their  civilization,  Christianization,  and  enfranchisement. 

ARTICLE   III. 

WORK. 

Our  general  lines  of  work  shall  be ;  the  circulation  of  literature 
adapted  to  our  objects,  as  expressed  in  Article  II ;  the  circulation  of  me- 
morials to  Congress  on  behalf  of  Indians ;  the  securing  of  popular  meet- 
ings and  articles  in  the  press  which  shall  promote  the  growth  of  right  sen- 
timent concerning  our  national  duty  to  Indians  ;  and  the  adoption  of  such 
other  measures  as  in  the  judgment  of  this  association  shall  seem  fitted  to 
further  the  objects  named  in  Article  II. 


56  THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


ARTICLE   IV. 

OFFICERS. 

The  general  officers  of  this  association  shall  be  a  president,  vice-presi- 
dents, a  general  secretary,  and  a  treasurer.  The  general  officers  shall  be 
ladies,  and  residents  in,  or  conveniently  near,  Hartford.  The  presidents  of 
auxiliaries  shall  be  ex  officio  vice-presidents  of  this  association. 

Vacancies  upon  the  executive  board  or  upon  committees  may  be  filled 
at  any  regularly  called  meeting  of  the  association,  five  members  constitu- 
ting a  quorum  at  such  meetings,  and  twenty-five  a  quorum  at  the  annual 
meeting. 

ARTICLE   V. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

The  annual  meeting  shall  be  composed  of  three  delegates  from  each 
auxiliary.  The  general  officers  of  the  association,  the  general  officers  of 
all  auxiliaries,  and  the  chairmen  of  the  association's  standing  committees 
shall  be  delegates  to  the  annual  meeting  by  virtue  of  their  office. 

The  annual  meeting,  at  which  the  general  officers  of  this  association 
shall  be  elected,  shall  be  held  in  the  month  of  January,  at  such  date  and 
place  as  shall  be  selected  by  the  executive  board. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

AUXILIARIES. 

Any  association  of  ladies  in  the  state  may  become  auxiliary  to  the 
Connecticut  Indian  Association  by  the  endorsement  of  its  constitution,  and 
the  adoption  of  its  lines  of  work.  They  shall  be  subject  to  the  general 
direction  of  the  state  organization,  and  shall  render  annual  reports  to  the 
general  secretary  two  weeks  before  the  date  of  the  annual  meeting. 

ARTICLE   VII. 

FINANCE. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  executive  committee  to  suggest,  and  with 
the  approval  of  the  president,  to  carry  into  operation  such  plans  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  advancement  of  the  best  interests  of  the  association,  and 
to  secure  such  funds  as  may  be  required  for  its  purposes.  And  further, 
since  each  auxiliary  is  regarded  as  an  indispensable  part  of  the  general  or- 
ganization, it  is  expected  that  each  will  contribute  annually  to  the  treasury 
of  this  association  a  per  centum  of  its  income,  and  further  strive  to  increase 
as  much  as  possible  the  funds  of  the  state  association  for  its  various  lines 
of  work. 


THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  57 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

This  constitution  may  be  altered  or  amended  by  a  majority  vote  at  any 
annual  meeting,  one  month's  previous  notice  of  intention  to  amend  or  alter 
having  been  given  to  the  secretaries  of  auxiliaries  throughout  the  state. 


BY-LAWS. 


ARTICLE  I. 

DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS. 

SECTION  i.— PRESIDENT.  The  president  may,  through  the  general 
secretary,  call  meetings  of  the  association,  or  of  the  standing  committees, 
when  in  her  judgment  needful,  or  at  the  request  of  any  five  members  of  the 
executive  committee ;  she  shall  maintain  a  general  oversight  and  direction 
of  the  several  departments  of  the  association  work  ;  she  shall  have  liberty 
to  appoint  special  committees  for  the  conduct  of  matters  which  may 
arise  outside  the  province  of  the  standing  committees,  and  shall  perform 
the  other  duties  usual  to  her  office. 

SEC.  2.— VICE-PRESIDENTS.  In  the  absence  of  the  president,  her  duties 
shall  be  performed  by  the  first  vice-president,  in  her  absence  by  the  second 
vice-president,  and  in  her  absence  by  the  chairman  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee. 

SEC.  3. —  GENERAL  SECRETARY.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  general 
secretary  to  send  to  the  corresponding  secretaries  of  each  auxiliary,  three 
weeks  before  the  annual  meeting,  a  blank  for  the  report  of  such  organiza- 
tions, and  from  these  reports  she  shall  collect  her  annual  report  of  auxil- 
iaries. She  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the  national  association  of  the 
progress  of  the  state  association.  She  shall  conduct  the  correspondence 
of  the  association,  and  shall  be  authorized  to  organize  auxiliaries  and  to 
transact  all  necessary  business  connected  therewith.  She  shall  send  to 
each  of  the  general  officers,  to  each  member  of  the  executive  board,  and  to 
the  chairman  of  each  committee,  a  proper  notice  of  each  meeting,  designa- 
ting the  special  topic  to  be  considered,  if  there  be  one.  She  shall  keep  a 
correct  record  of  the  proceedings  of  all  meetings,  and  perform  the  other 
duties  usual  to  her  office. 

SKC.  4.— TREASURER.  The  treasurer  shall  keep  an  accurate  account 
of  all  receipts  and  disbursements  of  money,  and  shall  present  an  annual 
report,  and  reports  quarterly  if  required.  She  shall  pay  no  bills  except  -on 
the  order  signed  by  the  president  or  the  chairman  of  the  executive  committee. 


58  THE  CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 

SEC.  5.— STANDING  COMMITTEES.  The  standing  committees  may  ar- 
range details,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  executive  committee,  carry  into 
execution  such  plans  as  may  seem  best  suited  to  advance  the  interests  of 
their  respective  departments. 


How  to  Organize  and  Carry  on  the  Work  of  a 
State  Association. 


[Read  at  the  first  conference  (after  its  incorporation)  of  the  Connecticut  Associa- 
tion with  its  auxiliaries.] 

The  Connecticut  Indian  Association  has  a  definite  aim  and  purpose, 
which  is  clearly  set  forth  in  the  following  words  : 
First. —  To  INFLUENCE  THE  PEOPLE, 

By  circulating  as  widely  as  possible  knowledge  concerning  the 
political,  financial,  industrial,  educational,  and  religious  status 
of  Indians. 
Second. — To  INFLUENCE  GOVERNMENT, 

(a.)  To  execute  all  laws  and  fulfil  all  treaties  and  compacts  which 
will  speed  Indian  civilization,  industrial  training,  self  support, 
education,  and  citizenship,  and  to  repeal  all  statutes  and  rules 
which  hinder  these  objects. 

(b.)  To  grant  new  and  better  legislation  for  securing  the  above  ends. 
Third. — To  AID  INDIANS, 

In  civilization,  industrial  training,  self-support,  education,  citizen- 
ship, and  Christianization. 

This  state  association  is  a  body  of  officials  carefully  chosen  from 
different  sections  of  Connecticut  to  execute  this  policy.  It  is  the  machinery 
by  which  our  work  in  behalf  of  the  spiritual  and  temporal  welfare  of 
Indians  is  to  be  carefully,  systematically,  harmoniously,  and  adequately 
carried  on.  The  official  board,  into  whose  keeping  the  incorporators  some 
months  since  placed  the  general  direction  and  management  of  this  state 
work,  is  composed  chiefly  of  representative  members  of  the  local  societies 
scattered  throughout  the  state.  The  affairs  of  the  association  are  not  to  be 
administered  by  any  one  branch,  but  each  branch  will  be  ably  represented 
in  every  department ;  all  will  have  an  equal  share  in  its  councils  and  its 
responsibilities.  The  dignity  and  efficiency  of  the  state  organization  must 
be  maintained  by  the  loyalty  and  the  united  efforts  of  the  branches.  In 


THE   CONNECTICUT    INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  59 

brief,  the  state  society  is  merely  a  combination  of  representatives  from  the 
local  branches  —  simply  that  and  nothing  more  —  and  its  affairs  are  to  be 
administered  by  the  branches  through  such  representatives  as  they  may 
see  fit  to  appoint,  just  as  the  state  itself  is  made  up  of  towns  and  cities,  and 
is  governed  by  the  people  themselves  through  the  representatives  they  send 
to  the  General  Assembly.  Connecticut  the  state,  and  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  are  in  a  certain  sense  subject  to  higher  powers.  Each  is 
auxiliary  —  the  state  to  the  United  States,  and  the  State  Indian  Association 
to  the  National  Indian  Association.  Connecticut  is  represented  in  national 
affairs  by  her  senators  and  representatives.  The  Connecticut  Indian  Asso- 
ciation is  as  fully  represented  in  the  administration  of  the  policy  of  the 
National  Indian  Association. 

So  we  have  a  wheel  within  a  wheel,  and  it  remains  for  us  to  see  that 
the  axles  are  kept  well  oiled,  and  that  each  separate  part  of  the  complex 
machinery  exactly  fits  into  its  own  position,  and  does  its  share  of  the  work 
without  friction.  This  accomplished,  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the 
results.  The  machine,  as  a  whole,  will  work  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all 
who  may  be  sufficiently  interested  to  note  its  power  and  the  character  and 
efficiency  of  the  work  we  hope  it  will  accomplish. 

This,  then,  is  the  broad  and  general  plan  upon  which  the  state  society 
has  been  organized.  The  details  must  now  follow.  Each  committee  is 
expected  to  have  general  charge  of  the  affairs  of  its  respective  department. 
The  state  missionary  committee  will  keep  the  state  association  informed  in 
regard  to  the  progress  of  our  mission  work  at  Fort  Hall. 

The  home-building  and  educational  committees  will  look  after  the  inter- 
ests of  our  proteges,  and  recommend  further  efforts  along  that  line.  The 
state  committee  on  leaflets  will  prepare  for  circulation  such  leaflets  or  items 
of  interest  in  connection  with  Indian  affairs  as  may,  in  its  opinion,  best  serve 
the  purpose  of  the  state  association.  When  the  call  comes  — as  come  it  will 
—  from  those  whose  business  it  is  to  watch  and  urge  Congressional  action  — 
when  this  call  is  heard,  the  petition  committee  will  secure  the  desired  per- 
sonal letters  and  signatures  to  petitions,  and  forward  them,  through  the  gen- 
eral secretary,  to  designated  parties  in  Washington,  as  so  many  expressions 
of  public  sentiment  from  this  state.  The  committee  for  the  distribution  of 
literature  will  receive  and  distribute  to  the  branches  and  throughout  the  state 
all  helpful  literature  donated  to  or  purchased  by  the  state  association.  The 
press  committee  will  so  far  as  possible  keep  the  Indian  question  continually 
before  the  people  through  the  medium  of  state  newspapers.  All  important 
questions  are  to  be  referred  to  the  executive  committee  for  final  settlement, 
and  definite  action  in  regard  to  all  business  matters  will  be  taken  by  the  same 
committee.  The  advisory  board  holds  itself  in  readiness  to  counsel  with  us 
whenever  we  may  deem  it  necessary  to  call  for  such  action. 


60  THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 

Each  department  committee  has  its  own  specific  work  to  do ;  that  is  to 
say,  it  plans  its  work,  arranges  all  details,  and  submits  the  same  to  the  execu- 
tive committee  for  approval.  It  is  a  perfectly  clear,  simple,  and  business-like 
method  of  carrying  on  association  work.  The  responsibility  is  evenly  divided, 
no  individual,  no  committee,  should  be  overworked,  and  when  once  adjusted 
to  our  respective  positions  all  will  go  well.  Each  branch  will  report  annually 
to  the  general  secretary  for  the  state.  The  general  secretary  will  make  an 
annual  report  of  state  work  to  the  national  association.  All  reports  to  the 
national  association  should  go  through  the  state  secretary,  just  as  all  funds 
should  be  forwarded  to  and  be  disbursed  by  the  state  treasurer. 

A  very  important  matter  is  that  which  concerns  the  financial  status  of  the 
state  association.  The  question  is  often  asked,  "  How  is  the  state  society  to 
be  supported  ?  "  There  can  be  but  one  answer  to  this  question  :  "  It  will  be 
supported  by  its  auxiliaries." 

The  state  association  has  no  other  motive  for  existence  than  to  do  the 
will  and  carry  on  the  work  of  the  local  societies  that  gave  it  birth.  The  state 
association  has  no  annual  members  or  subscribers  ;  it  is  not  in  a  position  to 
undertake  any  money-making  enterprises  —  all  this  comes  within  the  province 
of  the  branch  societies. 

The  state  association  can  have  no  existence  save  through  its  auxiliaries  ; 
its  income  must  come  from  these  auxiliaries,  or  the  work  stops.  There  are 
no  salaries  to  be  paid  by  the  state  association  ;  the  current  expenses  are  rfot 
large ;  what  there  are,  are  for  postage,  stationery,  printing,  the  expense  in 
connection  with  our  annual  meeting,  and  the  yearly  dues  to  the  national 
association.  The  constitution  of  the  national  association  says  : 

Each  auxiliary  shall  pay  annually  to  the  treasury  of  this  association,  per  member 
of  such  auxiliary,  exclusive  of  gifts,  a  sum  at  least  equal  to  one-fourth  the  annual 
membership  fee. 

This  is  a  reasonable  demand,  for  the  current  expenses  of  an  association 
must  be  provided  for.  The  state  association  has  always  conceded  the  jus- 
tice of  this  annual  assessment,  and  has  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  national 
association  such  amounts  as  were  due.  This  sum  is  exclusive  of  designated 
contributions,  as  for  home  building,  education,  missionary  work,  and  the  like. 
If  we  had  no  state  association,  each  local  society  would  be  called  upon  for  its 
dues  to  the  national  association.  The  dues  will  be  paid  by  the  local  soci- 
eties to  the  state  treasurer,  who  will  forward  the  same  to  the  national  asso- 
ciation. 

In  sending  funds  to  the  state  treasurer,  aside  from  annual  dues,  and  after 
providing  for  the  current  expenses  of  the  association,  the  branches  are  at 
liberty  to  designate  the  object  to  which  their  contributions  shall  be  applied. 

The  mission,  home-building,  and  educational  departments  will  be  car- 
ried on  by  these  designated  gifts  from  auxiliaries  or  from  individuals.  If  pre- 


THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  6l 

ferred,  funds  need  not  be  so  designated,  but  the  selection  of  the  object  to 
which  they  shall  be  applied  may  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  executive 
committee. 

There  is  both  a  hopeful  and  discouraging  side  to  our  efforts  in  behalf  of 
the  Indian  race.  The  passage  of  the  land-in-severalty  bill  is  one  of  the  hope- 
ful signs  of  the  times  —  it  is  the  beginning  of  the  end  —  but  it  by  no  means 
settles  the  Indian  question.  Never,  in  the  history  of  the  Indian  race,  has 
there  been  a  more  critical  period  than  that  upon  which  it  is  now  entering.  A 
diligent  student  of  this  problem  writes  : 

"  The  friends  of  the  Indians  will  make  a  mistake,  grave  as  that  made  by  the 
friends  of  temperance  when,  having  secured  a  law  forbidding  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  they  cease  from  further  effort,  believing  that  the  law  will  accomplish  all  they 
have  desired  to  do,  if  they  cease  from  effort  on  behalf  of  these  emancipated  children. 
They  now  have,  what  they  never  had  before,  opportunity  for  hopeful  work  in  their 
behalf. 

"  Their  lands  will  be  safe  for  at  least  twenty-five  years ;  it  must  be  made  certain 
that  they  have  the  best  there  is  on  their  reservations  set  aside  for  them.  They  will 
come  out  from  under  the  special  guards  and  limitations  which  have  so  far  to  some  ex- 
tent protected  them.  It  must  be  seen  that  they  are  taught  to  use  their  freedom  aright. 
They  will  have  the  ballot  in  their  hands  and  be  sought  after  by  politicians;  they  must 
be  taught  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  citizenship.  They  are  no  longer  to  be  fed 
like  so  many  swine  from  a  public  trough  ;  they  must  be  taught  how  to  erect  homes 
and  supply  the  needs  and  comforts  of  a  home.  They  will  come  out  from  under  the 
special  regulations  forbidding  the  sale  or  use  of  intoxicating  liquors;  they  must  be 
taught  the  self-restraint  of  a  developed  moral  and  intellectual  being. 

"After  long  and  arduous  effort  the  friends  of  the  Indians  have  secured  the  con- 
ditions under  which  it  is  possible  to  develop  the  manhood  they  believe  there  is  dor- 
mant in  these  people ;  they  must  not  fail  to  meet  the  responsibility  which  they  have 
incurred.  Having  at  last  got  them  into  a  school  where  it  is  possible  to  teach  them, 
they  will  be  guilty  if  they  do  not  give  themselves  heartily  and  laboriously  to  the 
work  of  teaching." 

The  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs,  in  his  last  official  report,  says:  "The 
allotment  act  instead  of  being  the  consummation  of  the  labors  of  missionaries, 
philanthropists,  and  agents,  is  rather  an  invitation  to  labor  on  their  part, 
which  by  the  fact  of  this  new  legislation  may  be  hopeful  and  should  be 
energetic." 

This,  then,  is  the  work  to  which  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association  is 
called.  A  work  which  must  receive  the  encouragement  and  support  of  tin- 
Christian  men  and  women  of  the  state,  if  it  is  to  be  adequately  carried  on, 
but  which  should  not  uvi-h  upon  us  like-  an  incubus,  since-  if  uv  nccvpi 
to-day  the  duty  which  is  clearly  placc-d  upon  us,  tin-  InmK-n  will,  in  a  feu 
years' at  best,  be  lifted  from  our  In-arts  ami  c-onsru'iuvs. 


62  THE   CONNECTICUT   INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 


To  support  its  mission  and  educational  and  other  departments  the  state 
association  needs  an  annual  income  of  $2,000.  Since  the  state  associa- 
tion is  a  legally  constituted  body,  with  a  charter  which  authorizes  it  to 
hold  property  to  the  amount  of  #50,000,  we  feel  justified  in  making  a  strenuous 
effort  to  secure  at  least  a  portion  of  that  amount,  the  interest  of  which  shall 
insure  the  life,  growth,  and  prosperity  of  our  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  temporal 
and  spiritual  welfare  of  Indians,  so  long  as  such  efforts  may  be  deemed 
necessary. 

Our  mission  work  should  not  be  left  to  "take  its  chances."  The  asso- 
ciation should  be  assured  of  a  yearly  income  sufficient  for  the  support  of  this 
mission,  and  also  for  the  support  of  a  practical  farmer,  to  be  sent  out  to 
locate  among  certain  Indians,  (perhaps  at  the  mission  station),  and  teach  them 
how  to  farm  their  lands,  how  to  build  homes  for  themselves,  and  how  to 
become  self-supporting,  self-respecting  citizens. 

How  this  income  is  to  be  secured  is  a  matter  for  the  auxiliaries  to  decide. 
The  state  executive  committee  recommends  to  the  auxiliaries  the  plan 
of  pledging  to  the  state  association  a  certain  number  of  five  or  ten  dollar 
yearly  subscriptions  ;  and  still  further  advises  that  an  effort  be  made  to  secure 
large  donations,  which  shall  constitute  a  fund  sufficiently  ample  to  enable  the 
association,  without  delay,  and  without  fear  of  financial  failure,  to  enter  upon 
a  course  of  greater  usefulness  than  it  has  heretofore  felt  able  to  attempt. 


FORM  OF  LEGACY. 

I  give,  devise,  and  bequeath  to  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  in 
the  state  of  Connecticut,  the  sum  of dollars. 


The  following  personal  letters  are  regarded  by  the  secretary  as  of  suffi- 
cient interest  to  the  members  of  the  association  throughout  the  state  to  war- 
rant their  publication  as  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  work  to  which  they  refer : 

From  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  WASHINGTON,  December  30,  1887. 
MY  DEAR  MRS.  KINNEY: 

I  have  read  with  much  interest  a  recent  account  of  the  objects  and  accomplish- 
ments of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association,  and  I  regard  its  aims  as  of  the  very  best 
and  jnost  valuable  character,  and  I  am  sure  the  results  already  reached  are  full  of  en- 
couragement and  promise. 

You  do  not  over-estimate  my  anxiety  to  see  practical  efforts  made  to  lead  the 


THE  CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION.  63 

Indian  from  worthlessness  and  wretchedness  to  citizenship  and  prosperity,  and  I  am 
sometimes  impatient  of  the  apparent  slow  progress  made.  If  all  the  sentiments  and 
all  the  just  and  right  feeling  which  the  subject  inspires  could  be  crystalized  into  prac- 
tical methods,  I  feel  that  the  solution  of  the  interesting  and  important  question  of 
Indian  civilization  would  be  near  at  hand. 

This  leads  me  to  contemplate  with  especial  satisfaction  the  work  of  the  associa- 
tion with  which  you  are  so  prominently  connected,  and  to  assure  you  that  with  a 
hearty  approval  of  its  plan,  I  earnestly  hope  that  its  success  and  importance  may  con- 
stantly increase. 

Yours  sincerely, 

GROVER  CLEVELAND. 


From  the  Right  Rev.  John  Williams,  Bishop  of  Connecticut. 

MIDDLETOWN,  CONN.,  February  29,  1 888. 
MY  DEAR  MRS.  KINNEY: 

*         *         *        I  am  glad  to  learn  that  a  sketch  of  the  work  of  the  Connecticut 
Indian  Association  is  to  be  published. 

I  have  known  of  its  work  for  a  long  time,  and  it  has  always  received  my  hearty 
approval  and  sympathy. 

It  has  wrought  in  a  very  quiet  and  unostentatious  way,  but  very  effectively  and  to 
excellent  purpose.     Its  work  only  needs   to  be  known  to  be  fully  appreciated  and       % 
sustained.  * 

Sincerely  yours. 

J.  WILLIAMS. 


From  Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe. 

HARTFORD,  March  2,  1888. 
MY  DEAR  MRS.  KINNEY:  * 

As  I  am  a  Christian  believer,  I  believe  that  the  work  your  association  has  in 
hand  will  be  a  triumphant  success. 

When  Christ's  kingdom  shall  come,  and  his  will  be  done  on  earth  as  it  ts  in 
Heaven,  than  the  good  you  are  seeking  ^all  be  perfected. 
With  ardent  sympathy  and  courage,  I  remain 
Ever  your  friend, 

HARRIET  BEECHER  STOWE. 


From  General  Clinton  B.  Fisk,  Chairman  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners. 
SEABRIGHT,  NEW  JERSEY,  April  3,  1888. 
MRS.  HARRIET  BEECHER  STOWE,  HARTFORD,  CONN  , 

My  Dear  Mrs.  Stowe:  — I  want  to  congratulate  you  on  your  alliance  with  that 
vigorous,  working  body  of  Yankee  women  who  constitute  the  Connecticut  Indian 


64  THE   CONNECTICUT  INDIAN   ASSOCIATION. 

Association.  They  do  things  well,  and  whatever  they  undertake  moves  on.  It  has 
been  my  good  fortune  to  be  well  advised  of  the  work  of  the  association  from  its 
beginning.  It  was  fortunate  that  Mrs.  Sara  T.  Kinney  could  be  among  its  chief 
workers,  and  give  its  every  department  the  benefit  of  her  ever  increasing  zeal  and  en- 
thusiasm in  behalf  of  the  Indians.  Your  trinity  of  good  works,  to  wit : 

1st.  The  planting  of  missions  among  tribes  where  no  religious  or  educational 
work  existed. 

2d.     Your  wisely  managed  department  of  education. 

3d.  The  Connecticut  Indian  Association's  matchless  work  of  aiding  the  Indians 
to  build  homes  and  fill  them  with  whatever  uplifts  from  the  degradation  of  the 
reservation  life. 

All  these  ought  to  commend  your  association  to  the  most  generous  consideration 
of  all  men  and  women  whose  hearts  throb  for  all  humanity;  and  fill  your  treasury  to 
overflowing. 

There  has  been  no  time  in  the  history  of  our  efforts  to  help  the  poor  Indian, 
when  the  lines  along  which  your  association  is  working  needed  to  be  pushed  with 
Christian  earnestness,  as  just  now.  God  bless  the  noble  women  of  Connecticut  who 
have  already  done  so  much  in  aid  of  the  good  work  of  civilization  among  our  Indian 
tribes,  and  may  He  add  a  thousandfold  to  your  numbers  and  your  treasury. 
Faithfully  yours, 

CLINTON  B.  FISK, 
Chairman  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners. 


From  Genera/  Armstrong,   Principal  Hampton  Normal  and  Agricultural  Institute. 

HAMPTON,  VA.,  March  20,  1888. 
DEAR  MRS.  KINNEY: 

During  the  ten  years  of  our  work  for  Indians,  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association 
has  been  an  effective  ally,  doing  some  things  that  we  could  not  do,  and  what  must  be 
done  to  make  Indian  education  successful. 

While  the  great  majority  of  our  pupils  gain  a  fair  knowledge  of  English,  and 
compass  the  common  school  branches,  besides  getting  a  moral  and  manual  labor  drill, 
there  are  some  of  unusual  capacity,  fit  to  become  nurses,  physicians,  high  class 
teachers,  and  ministers,  who  should  have  a  chance. 

There  is  wisdom  and  economy  in  giving,  as  your  society  has  done,  special  help 
to  such;  one  of  them  may  become  a  center  of  inspiration  and  of  far-reaching  influ- 
ences for  many. 

Personal  force  is  the  leaven  that  lifts  to  Christian  civilization. 

There  are  others  of  unusual  executive  industrial  capacity  and  reliability,  who  need 
no  advanced  studies,  but  a  start  in  life  by  way  of  homes,  and  a  greater  or  less  outfit,  the 
cost  of  which  they  will  repay  if  the  money  is  loaned  them;  and  it  is  wise  to  do  this, 


THE   CONNECTICUT    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION.  65 


as  your  experience  in  home-building  has  shown.  I  heard  Rev.  Mr.  Shelton,  of  Con- 
necticut, an  experienced  missionary  to  Dakota,  say  recently  that  he  never  knew  an 
Indian  to  fail  to  repay  a  debt,  but  never  knew  one  to  pay  it  when  he  said  he 
would.  Don't  be  afraid  to  trust  the  better  class  of  Indians 

After  a  while  government  may,  as  it  should,  make  some  provision  in  the  line  of 
the  work  of  the  Connecticut  Indian  Association.  The  way  to  secure  this  is  to  go 
ahead  and  show  what  can  be  done.  Your  work  is  illustrative  not  exhaustive.  Per- 
sonal private  work  is  the  only  permanent  factor  in  work  for  the  Indians.  The  shift- 
ing and  changing  of  public  officers  in  charge  of  them  has  been  most  disastrous.  Stick 
to  it,  and  you  will  do  great  things  for  the  red  man. 

There  is  nothing  like  getting  at  the  facts  about  Indians  ;  their  history,  their 
mode  of  life,  their  religions,  and  present  condition,  which  is  most  critical  now,  never 
so  much  as  now  that  their  lands  are  to  be  divided  up  in  a  few  years ;  a  tremendous 
selfish  interest  is  around  them  by  way  of  railroad,  cattle,  and  other  business  men. 
You  should  help  in  watching  things,  and  move  on  Congress  at  the  right  time.  God 
save  the  Indian. 

Sincerely  yours, 

S.  C.  ARMSTRONG. 


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